Alien species as a driver of recent extinctions

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0623

. 2016 Feb;12(2):20150623.

doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0623.

Alien species as a driver of recent extinctions

Céline Bellard¹, Phillip Cassey², Tim M Blackburn³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Darwin Building, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
² School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
³ Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Darwin Building, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia t.blackburn@ucl.ac.uk.

PMID: 26888913
PMCID: PMC4780541
DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0623

Alien species as a driver of recent extinctions

Céline Bellard et al. Biol Lett. 2016 Feb.

. 2016 Feb;12(2):20150623.

doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0623.

Authors

Céline Bellard¹, Phillip Cassey², Tim M Blackburn³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Darwin Building, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
² School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
³ Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Darwin Building, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia t.blackburn@ucl.ac.uk.

PMID: 26888913
PMCID: PMC4780541
DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2015.0623

Abstract

We assessed the prevalence of alien species as a driver of recent extinctions in five major taxa (plants, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals), using data from the IUCN Red List. Our results show that alien species are the second most common threat associated with species that have gone completely extinct from these taxa since AD 1500. Aliens are the most common threat associated with extinctions in three of the five taxa analysed, and for vertebrate extinctions overall.

Keywords: amphibian; bird; mammal; non-native species; plant; reptile.

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Figures

**Figure 1.**
The locations of the (now lost) native ranges of the 134 extinct (EX + EW) species for which alien species are listed as a driver.

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References

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[1] Cracraft J. 1994. Species diversity, biogeography, and the evolution of biotas. Am. Zool. 34, 33–47. (10.1093/icb/34.1.33) - DOI

[2] Cracraft J. 1994. Species diversity, biogeography, and the evolution of biotas. Am. Zool. 34, 33–47. (10.1093/icb/34.1.33) - DOI

[3] Vitousek PM, D'Antonio CM, Loope LL, Rejmánek M, Westbrooks R. 1997. Introduced species: a significant component of human-caused global change. N. Z. J. Ecol. 21, 1–16.

[4] Vitousek PM, D'Antonio CM, Loope LL, Rejmánek M, Westbrooks R. 1997. Introduced species: a significant component of human-caused global change. N. Z. J. Ecol. 21, 1–16.

[5] Lawton JH, May RM. 1995. Extinction rates. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

[6] Lawton JH, May RM. 1995. Extinction rates. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

[7] Ceballos G, Ehrlich PR, Barnosky AD, García A, Pringle RM, Palmer TM. 2015. Accelerated modern human-induced species losses: entering the sixth mass extinction. Sci. Adv. 1, e1400253.abstract (10.1126/sciadv.1400253) - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Ceballos G, Ehrlich PR, Barnosky AD, García A, Pringle RM, Palmer TM. 2015. Accelerated modern human-induced species losses: entering the sixth mass extinction. Sci. Adv. 1, e1400253.abstract (10.1126/sciadv.1400253) - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Gaston KJ, Jones AG, Hanel C, Chown SL. 2003. Rates of species introduction to a remote oceanic island. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 270, 1091–1098. (10.1098/rspb.2003.2332) - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Gaston KJ, Jones AG, Hanel C, Chown SL. 2003. Rates of species introduction to a remote oceanic island. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 270, 1091–1098. (10.1098/rspb.2003.2332) - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Alien species as a driver of recent extinctions

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Alien species as a driver of recent extinctions

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