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. 2016 Jan;4(2):29.
doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2016.01.11.

The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer and their relationship to development in Asia

Reza Pakzad  1 , Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani  1 , Bahman Khosravi  1 , Shahin Soltani  1 , Iraj Pakzad  1 , Mahdi Mohammadian  1 , Hamid Salehiniya  1 , Zohre Momenimovahed  1
Affiliations

The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer and their relationship to development in Asia

Reza Pakzad et al. Ann Transl Med. 2016 Jan.

Abstract

Background: Esophageal cancer is the most common cancer in less developed countries. It is necessary to understand epidemiology of the cancer for planning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer, and its relationship with Human Development Index (HDI) and its components in Asia in 2012.

Methods: This study was an Ecological study, which conducted based on GLOBOCAN project of WHO for Asian counters. We assess the correlation between standardized incidence rates (SIR) and standardized mortality rates (SMR) of esophageal cancer with HDI and its components with using of SPSS18.

Results: A total of 337,698 incidence (70.33% were males and 29.87% females. Sex ratio was 2.37) and 296,734 death (69.45% in men and 30.54% in women. The sex ratio was 2.27) esophageal cancer was recorded in Asian countries in 2012. Five countries with the highest SIR and SMR of esophageal cancer were Turkmenistan, Mongolia and Tajikistan, Bangladesh and China respectively. Correlation between HDI and SIR was -0.211 (P=0.159), in men -0.175 (P=0.244) and in women -0.231 (P=0.123). Also between HDI and SMR -0.250 (P=0.094) in men -0.226 (P=0.131) and in women -0.251 (P=0.037).

Conclusions: The incidence of esophageal cancer is more in less developed and developing countries. Statistically significant correlation was not found between standardized incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer, and HDI and its dimensions, except for life expectancy at birth.

Keywords: Asia; epidemiology; esophageal cancer; incidence; inequality; mortality.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Standardized incidence and mortality rates from esophageal cancer in Asia in 2012 (extracted from GLOBALCAN 2012, http://globocan.iarc.fr) (5).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Correlation between HDI and standardized incidence of esophagus cancer in Asia in 2012 (mean ± 95% confidence interval). HDI, Human Development Index.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Correlation between HDI and standardized mortality rates for esophagus cancer in Asia in 2012 (mean ± 95% confidence interval). HDI, Human Development Index.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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