Application of multicolor banding combined with heterochromatic and locus-specific probes identify evolutionary conserved breakpoints in Hylobates pileatus

doi:10.1186/s13039-016-0228-x

. 2016 Feb 17:9:17.

doi: 10.1186/s13039-016-0228-x. eCollection 2016.

Application of multicolor banding combined with heterochromatic and locus-specific probes identify evolutionary conserved breakpoints in Hylobates pileatus

Wiwat Sangpakdee¹, Alongklod Tanomtong², Xiaobo Fan³, Krit Pinthong⁴, Anja Weise³, Thomas Liehr³

Affiliations

¹ Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany ; Department of Biology Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittapap Rd., Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand.
² Department of Biology Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittapap Rd., Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand.
³ Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
⁴ Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, 186 Moo 1, Maung District, Surin, 32000 Thailand.

PMID: 26893612
PMCID: PMC4758170
DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0228-x

Application of multicolor banding combined with heterochromatic and locus-specific probes identify evolutionary conserved breakpoints in Hylobates pileatus

Wiwat Sangpakdee et al. Mol Cytogenet. 2016.

. 2016 Feb 17:9:17.

doi: 10.1186/s13039-016-0228-x. eCollection 2016.

Authors

Wiwat Sangpakdee¹, Alongklod Tanomtong², Xiaobo Fan³, Krit Pinthong⁴, Anja Weise³, Thomas Liehr³

Affiliations

¹ Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany ; Department of Biology Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittapap Rd., Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand.
² Department of Biology Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16 Mittapap Rd., Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand.
³ Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
⁴ Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, 186 Moo 1, Maung District, Surin, 32000 Thailand.

PMID: 26893612
PMCID: PMC4758170
DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0228-x

Abstract

Background: The question what makes Homo sapiens sapiens (HSA) special among other species is one of the basic questions of mankind. A small contribution to answer this question is to study the chromosomal constitution of HSA compared to other, closely related species. In order to check the types and extent of evolutionary conserved breakpoints we studied here for the first time the chromosomes of Hylobates pileatus (HPI) compared to HSA and Hylobates lar (HLA) by means of molecular cytogenetics.

Results: Overall, 68 new evolutionary conserved breakpoints compared to HSA could be characterized in this study. Interestingly, only seven of those were different compared to HLA. However, application of heterochromatic human DNA-probes provided evidence that observed high chromosomal rearrangement rates of gibbons in HPI happened rather in these repetitive elements than in euchromatin, even though most centromeric positions were preserved in HPI compared to HSA.

Conclusion: Understanding genomes of other species and comparing them to HSA needs full karyotypic and high resolution genomic data to approach both: euchromatic and heterochromatic regions of the studied chromosome-content. This study provides full karyotypic data and previously not available data on heterochromatin-syntenies of HPI and HSA.

Keywords: Centromeric positions; Evolution; Heterochromatin; Hylobates lar (HLA); Hylobates pileatus (HPI); Multicolor banding (MCB).

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Figures

**Fig. 1**
Representative MCB results: HPI in comparison to HSA chromosomes are shown as pseudo-color results. HSA chromosomes are numbered by yellow figures, HPI chromosomes by white figures. The chromosomes are sorted according to the HSA-chromosomes. Additional FISH-results are shown also for corresponding HPI chromosomes, where necessary. *Arrows* highlight interchromosomal rearrangements. Abbreviations: midi = microdissection derived probe (consecutively numbered acc. to production or localization); NOR = nucleolus organizer region

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[1] Darwin C. The origin of species by means of natural selection. https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/jksadegh/A%20Good%20Atheist%20Secularist.... Accessed 24 Dec 2015.

[2] Darwin C. The origin of species by means of natural selection. https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/jksadegh/A%20Good%20Atheist%20Secularist.... Accessed 24 Dec 2015.

[3] Brown JD, O’Neill RJ. The mysteries of chromosome evolution in gibbons: methylation is a prime suspect. PLoS Genet. 2009;5:e1000501. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000501. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Brown JD, O’Neill RJ. The mysteries of chromosome evolution in gibbons: methylation is a prime suspect. PLoS Genet. 2009;5:e1000501. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000501. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Müller S, Hollatz M, Wienberg J. Chromosomal phylogeny and evolution of gibbons (Hylobatidae) Hum Genet. 2013;113:493–501. doi: 10.1007/s00439-003-0997-2. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Müller S, Hollatz M, Wienberg J. Chromosomal phylogeny and evolution of gibbons (Hylobatidae) Hum Genet. 2013;113:493–501. doi: 10.1007/s00439-003-0997-2. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Perelman P, Johnson WE, Roos C, Seuánez HN, Horvath JE, Moreira MA, et al. A molecular phylogeny of living primates. PLoS Genet. 2011;7:e1001342. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001342. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Perelman P, Johnson WE, Roos C, Seuánez HN, Horvath JE, Moreira MA, et al. A molecular phylogeny of living primates. PLoS Genet. 2011;7:e1001342. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001342. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Zhao S, Shetty J, Hou L, Delcher A, Zhu B, Osoegawa K, et al. Human, mouse, and rat genome large-scale rearrangements: stability versus speciation. Genome Res. 2004;14:1851–60. doi: 10.1101/gr.2663304. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Zhao S, Shetty J, Hou L, Delcher A, Zhu B, Osoegawa K, et al. Human, mouse, and rat genome large-scale rearrangements: stability versus speciation. Genome Res. 2004;14:1851–60. doi: 10.1101/gr.2663304. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Application of multicolor banding combined with heterochromatic and locus-specific probes identify evolutionary conserved breakpoints in Hylobates pileatus

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Application of multicolor banding combined with heterochromatic and locus-specific probes identify evolutionary conserved breakpoints in Hylobates pileatus

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