Bioactive Compounds Produced by Strains of Penicillium and Talaromyces of Marine Origin

Abstract

In recent years, the search for novel natural compounds with bioactive properties has received a remarkable boost in view of their possible pharmaceutical exploitation. In this respect the sea is entitled to hold a prominent place, considering the potential of the manifold animals and plants interacting in this ecological context, which becomes even greater when their associated microbes are considered for bioprospecting. This is the case particularly of fungi, which have only recently started to be considered for their fundamental contribution to the biosynthetic potential of other more valued marine organisms. Also in this regard, strains of species which were previously considered typical terrestrial fungi, such as Penicillium and Talaromyces, disclose foreground relevance. This paper offers an overview of data published over the past 25 years concerning the production and biological activities of secondary metabolites of marine strains belonging to these genera, and their relevance as prospective drugs.

Keywords: Penicillium; Talaromyces; bioactive metabolites; chemodiversity; marine fungi.

Figure 1

Structures of novel compounds produced by marine Penicillium/Talaromyces strains displaying inhibitory properties against mammalian tumor cell lines. For the sake of space, compounds produced in series of two or more analogs are presented as a single or type structure.

Figure 1

Structures of novel compounds produced by marine Penicillium/Talaromyces strains displaying inhibitory properties against mammalian tumor cell lines. For the sake of space, compounds produced in series of two or more analogs are presented as a single or type structure.

Figure 1

Structures of novel compounds produced by marine Penicillium/Talaromyces strains displaying inhibitory properties against mammalian tumor cell lines. For the sake of space, compounds produced in series of two or more analogs are presented as a single or type structure.

Figure 1

Structures of novel compounds produced by marine Penicillium/Talaromyces strains displaying inhibitory properties against mammalian tumor cell lines. For the sake of space, compounds produced in series of two or more analogs are presented as a single or type structure.

Figure 2

Structures of novel compounds produced by marine Penicillium/Talaromyces strains displaying anti-inflammatory effects.

Figure 3

Structures of novel compounds produced by marine Penicillium/Talaromyces strains reported for ROS-scavenging properties.

Figure 4

Structures of novel compounds produced by marine Penicillium/Talaromyces strains with enzyme-modulatory activities.

Figure 5

Structures of novel antibiotic compounds produced by marine Penicillium/Talaromyces strains.

Figure 6

Structure of cis-cyclo(leucyl-tyrosyl) dipeptide.

Figure 7

Structures of sorbicathecols.

Figure 8

Structures of novel compounds produced by marine Penicillium/Talaromyces characterized for miscellaneous bioactive effects.