Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Multicenter Study
. 2016 Feb 22;11(2):e0149395.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149395. eCollection 2016.

Long-Term Predictors of Social and Leisure Activity 10 Years after Stroke

Anna Norlander  1 , Emma Carlstedt  1 , Ann-Cathrin Jönsson  1 , Eva M Lexell  1   2 , Agneta Ståhl  3 , Arne Lindgren  2   4 , Susanne Iwarsson  1
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Long-Term Predictors of Social and Leisure Activity 10 Years after Stroke

Anna Norlander et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Restrictions in social and leisure activity can have negative consequences for the health and well-being of stroke survivors. To support the growing number of people who are ageing with stroke, knowledge is needed about factors that influence such activity in a long-term perspective.

Aim: To identify long-term predictors of the frequency of social and leisure activities 10 years after stroke.

Method: 145 stroke survivors in Sweden were followed-up at 16 months and 10 years after a first-ever stroke. Data representing body functions, activities & participation, environmental factors and personal factors at 16 months after stroke, were used in multiple linear regression analyses to identify predictors of the activity frequency after 10 years, as assessed by the 'Community, social and civic life' sub-domain of the Frenchay Activities Index (FAI-CSC).

Results: At the 10-year follow-up the frequency of social and leisure activities varied considerably among the participants, with FAI-CSC scores spanning the entire score range 0-9 (mean/median 4.9/5.0). Several factors at 16 months post stroke were independently related to the long-term activity frequency. The final regression model included four significant explanatory variables. Driving a car (B = 0.999), ability to walk a few hundred meters (B = 1.698) and extent of social network (B = 1.235) had a positive effect on activity frequency, whereas an age ≥ 75 years had a negative effect (B = -1.657). This model explained 36.9% of the variance in the FAI-CSC (p<0.001).

Conclusion: Stroke survivors who drive a car, have the ability to walk a few hundred meters and have a wide social network at 16 months after a first-ever stroke are more likely to have a high frequency of social and leisure activities after 10 years, indicating that supporting outdoor mobility and social anchorage of stroke survivors during rehabilitation is important to counteract long-term inactivity.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Participant flow chart from inclusion to the 10-year follow-up.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Adamson J, Beswick A, Ebrahim S. Is stroke the most common cause of disability? J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2004;13(4):171–7. - PubMed
    1. Persson J, Ferraz-Nunes J, Karlberg I. Economic burden of stroke in a large county in Sweden. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12:341 10.1186/1472-6963-12-341 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zhang Y, Chapman AM, Plested M, Jackson D, Purroy F. The Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality of Stroke in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK, and the US: A Literature Review. Stroke Res Treat. 2012;2012:436125 10.1155/2012/436125 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Blaha MJ, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014;129(3):e28–e292. 10.1161/01.cir.0000441139.02102.80 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ovbiagele B, Goldstein LB, Higashida RT, Howard VJ, Johnston SC, Khavjou OA, et al. Forecasting the future of stroke in the United States: a policy statement from the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2013;44(8):2361–75. 10.1161/STR.0b013e31829734f2 - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources