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Review
. 2016 Feb 22:3:5.
doi: 10.1186/s40662-016-0036-8. eCollection 2016.

Corneal topography in keratoconus: state of the art

F Cavas-Martínez  1 , E De la Cruz Sánchez  2 , J Nieto Martínez  1 , F J Fernández Cañavate  1 , D G Fernández-Pacheco  1
Affiliations
Review

Corneal topography in keratoconus: state of the art

F Cavas-Martínez et al. Eye Vis (Lond). .

Abstract

The morphological characterization of the cornea using corneal topographers is a widespread clinical practice that is essential for the diagnosis of keratoconus. The current state of this non-invasive exploratory technique has evolved with the possibility of achieving a great number of measuring points of both anterior and posterior corneal surfaces, which is possible due to the development of new and advanced measurement devices. All these data are later used to extract a series of topographic valuation indices that permit to offer the most exact and reliable clinical diagnosis. This paper describes the technologies in which current corneal topographers are based on, being possible to define the main morphological characteristics that the keratoconus pathology produces on corneal surface. Finally, the main valuation indices, which are provided by the corneal topographers and used for the diagnosis of keratoconus, are also defined.

Keywords: Detection system; Diagnosis; Placido disc; Topographer.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Corneal topography
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Systems based on the projection of a slit light on the cornea
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Principle of standard photography
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Principle of Scheimpflug photography
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Geometric reconstruction of the corneal sagittal map
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Geometric reconstruction of the corneal tangential map
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Altimetry elevation map
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