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. 2016 Apr 1;71(4):e96-e106.
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000896.

Implementation and Operational Research: Declining Tuberculosis Incidence Among People Receiving HIV Care and Treatment Services in East Africa, 2007-2012

Suzue Saito  1 , Philani Mpofu, E Jane Carter, Lameck Diero, Kara K Wools-Kaloustian, Constantin T Yiannoutsos, Musick S Beverly, Simon Tsiouris, Geoffrey R Somi, John Ssali, Denis Nash, Batya Elul
Affiliations

Implementation and Operational Research: Declining Tuberculosis Incidence Among People Receiving HIV Care and Treatment Services in East Africa, 2007-2012

Suzue Saito et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. .

Abstract

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces the risk of Tuberculosis (TB) among people living with HIV (PLWH). With ART scale-up in sub-Saharan Africa over the past decade, incidence of TB among PLWH engaged in HIV care is predicted to decline.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of routine clinical data from 168,330 PLWH receiving care at 35 facilities in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda during 2003-2012, participating in the East African region of the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS. Temporal trends in facility-based annual TB incidence rates (per 100,000 person years) among PLWH and country-specific standardized TB incidence ratios using annual population-level TB incidence data from the World Health Organization were computed between 2007 and 2012. We examined patient-level and facility-level factors associated with incident TB using multivariable Cox models.

Results: Overall, TB incidence rates among PLWH in care declined 5-fold between 2007 and 2012 from 5960 to 985 per 100,000 person years [P = 0.0003] (Kenya: 7552 to 1115 [P = 0.0007]; Tanzania: 7153 to 635 [P = 0.0025]; Uganda: 3204 to 242 [P = 0.018]). Standardized TB incidence ratios significantly decreased in the 3 countries, indicating a narrowing gap between incidence rates among PLWH and the general population. We observed lower hazards of incident TB among PLWH on ART and/or isoniazid preventive therapy and receiving care in facilities offering TB treatment onsite.

Conclusions: Annual TB incidence rates among PLWH significantly declined during ART scale-up but remained higher than the general population. Increasing access to ART and isoniazid preventive therapy and co-location of HIV and TB treatment may further reduce TB incidence among PLWH.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: None to declare

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Trends in crude TB incidence rates among HIV-positive individuals enrolling in HIV care in 35 facilities participating in IeDEA-East Africa, January 2007-December 2012*
Figure 2
Figure 2
Trends in crude TB incidence rates among HIV-positive individuals enrolling in HIV care in 35 facilities participating in IeDEA-East Africa, by age group and by ART status, January 2007-December 2012*
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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