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Review

Treating Childhood Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Sumit Gupta, Scott C Howard, Stephen P Hunger, Federico G Antillon, Monika L Metzger, Trijn Israels, Mhamed Harif, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo
Hellen Gelband, Prabhat Jha, Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan, Susan Horton
, editors.
In: Cancer: Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 3). Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2015 Nov 1. Chapter 7.
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Review

Treating Childhood Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Sumit Gupta et al.
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Excerpt

In high-income countries (HICs), the annual incidence of childhood cancer is approximately 140 per 1 million children younger than age 15 years, although estimates vary between and within countries (Parkin and others 1998). Incidence rates from low- and middle-income country (LMIC) registries are generally significantly lower, as annual rates per 1 million children of 45.6 in Namibia and 64.4 in India, respectively, illustrate (Parkin and others 1998). Some of this variation may relate to differences in environmental exposures or to biologic susceptibility. However, deficiencies in diagnosis and registration likely contribute significantly to differences in the reported incidence of cancer, both overall and of particular subtypes, such as acute leukemias (Howard and others 2008).

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References

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