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. 2016 Aug;196(2):374-81.
doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.084. Epub 2016 Feb 23.

The Efficacy of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Targeted Biopsy in Risk Classification for Patients with Prostate Cancer on Active Surveillance

Pedro Recabal  1 , Melissa Assel  2 , Daniel D Sjoberg  2 , Daniel Lee  3 , Vincent P Laudone  4 , Karim Touijer  4 , James A Eastham  4 , Hebert A Vargas  5 , Jonathan Coleman  4 , Behfar Ehdaie  6
Affiliations

The Efficacy of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Targeted Biopsy in Risk Classification for Patients with Prostate Cancer on Active Surveillance

Pedro Recabal et al. J Urol. 2016 Aug.

Abstract

Purpose: We determined whether multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsies may replace systematic biopsies to detect higher grade prostate cancer (Gleason score 7 or greater) and whether biopsy may be avoided based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging among men with Gleason 3+3 prostate cancer on active surveillance.

Materials and methods: We identified men with previously diagnosed Gleason score 3+3 prostate cancer on active surveillance who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and a followup prostate biopsy. Suspicion for higher grade cancer was scored on a standardized 5-point scale. All patients underwent a systematic biopsy. Patients with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging regions of interest also underwent magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy. The detection rate of higher grade cancer was estimated for different multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging scores with the 3 biopsy strategies of systematic, magnetic resonance imaging targeted and combined.

Results: Of 206 consecutive men on active surveillance 135 (66%) had a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging region of interest. Overall, higher grade cancer was detected in 72 (35%) men. A higher multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging score was associated with an increased probability of detecting higher grade cancer (Wilcoxon-type trend test p <0.0001). Magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy detected higher grade cancer in 23% of men. Magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy alone missed higher grade cancers in 17%, 12% and 10% of patients with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging scores of 3, 4 and 5, respectively.

Conclusions: Magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsies increased the detection of higher grade cancer among men on active surveillance compared to systematic biopsy alone. However, a clinically relevant proportion of higher grade cancer was detected using only systematic biopsy. Despite the improved detection of disease progression using magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy, systematic biopsy cannot be excluded as part of surveillance for men with low risk prostate cancer.

Keywords: image-guided biopsy; magnetic resonance imaging; prostatic neoplasms; watchful waiting.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Percentage of patients who were reclassified from Gleason 3+3 to Gleason ≥ 3+4 stratified by mpMRI score. The number of patients who satisfied each mpMRI score is indicated on the x-axis.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Reclassification rates from Gleason 3+3 to Gleason ≥ 3+4 stratified by mpMRI score. The black represents the higher grade cancers detected using MRI-targeted biopsy and the grey represents the higher grade cancers detected only on any biopsy. The numbers above the bars represent the number of higher grade cancers missed on MRI-targeted biopsy but were detected on systematic biopsy and the corresponding percentage.
Fig.3
Fig.3
Prostate mpMRI images from a patient with MRI score 4, and biopsy confirmed Gleason 4+4 3a. Apparent-diffusion coefficient (ADC); 3b. Axial T2-weighted image; 3c. Diffusion weighted image; 3d. Dynamic contrast-enhanced image
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Diagram completed prior to cognitive biopsy. This patient had an MRI score of 4 and the MRI-targeted biopsy confirmed Gleason 4+4
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

  • Editorial Comment.
    Turkbey B, George AK, Choyke PL, Pinto PA. Turkbey B, et al. J Urol. 2016 Aug;196(2):381. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.2991. Epub 2016 May 4. J Urol. 2016. PMID: 27154560 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
  • Editorial Comment.
    Halpern JA, Shoag JE, Hu JC. Halpern JA, et al. J Urol. 2016 Aug;196(2):380-1. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.2990. Epub 2016 May 4. J Urol. 2016. PMID: 27154561 No abstract available.

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