One-Dimensional Perovskite Manganite Oxide Nanostructures: Recent Developments in Synthesis, Characterization, Transport Properties, and Applications

Abstract

One-dimensional nanostructures, including nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes, nanofibers, and nanobelts, have promising applications in mesoscopic physics and nanoscale devices. In contrast to other nanostructures, one-dimensional nanostructures can provide unique advantages in investigating the size and dimensionality dependence of the materials' physical properties, such as electrical, thermal, and mechanical performances, and in constructing nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices. Among the one-dimensional nanostructures, one-dimensional perovskite manganite nanostructures have been received much attention due to their unusual electron transport and magnetic properties, which are indispensable for the applications in microelectronic, magnetic, and spintronic devices. In the past two decades, much effort has been made to synthesize and characterize one-dimensional perovskite manganite nanostructures in the forms of nanorods, nanowires, nanotubes, and nanobelts. Various physical and chemical deposition techniques and growth mechanisms are explored and developed to control the morphology, identical shape, uniform size, crystalline structure, defects, and homogenous stoichiometry of the one-dimensional perovskite manganite nanostructures. This article provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research activities that focus on the rational synthesis, structural characterization, fundamental properties, and unique applications of one-dimensional perovskite manganite nanostructures in nanotechnology. It begins with the rational synthesis of one-dimensional perovskite manganite nanostructures and then summarizes their structural characterizations. Fundamental physical properties of one-dimensional perovskite manganite nanostructures are also highlighted, and a range of unique applications in information storages, field-effect transistors, and spintronic devices are discussed. Finally, we conclude this review with some perspectives/outlook and future researches in these fields.

Keywords: Applications; Characterization; Manganites; One-dimensional nanostructures; Synthesis.

Fig. 1

a SEM image of the MgO nanowires on the MgO substrate. The inset is the enlarged view. The light spots are Au nanoparticles. b TEM image of an individual MgO nanowire. The upper right and bottom left insets show the corresponding HRTEM image and SAED pattern, respectively. c SEM image of the LPCMO/MgO nanowires on the MgO substrate. The inset is the enlarged view. d TEM image of the LPCMO/MgO nanowires. e SAED pattern and f HRTEM image of an individual LPCMO/MgO nanowire (reproduced with permission of [38])

Fig. 2

a SEM, b and c TEM images, and d XRD pattern of BaMnO₃ nanorods. The insets in a and c are EDX and SAED patterns, respectively (reproduced with permission of [49])

Fig. 3

a TEM image of a single nanowire, b selected area diffraction pattern of the nanowire, and c HRTEM image of the nanowire (reproduced with permission of [35])

Fig. 4

a Intensity ratios of L₃ and L₂ lines of different Mn oxide compounds as a function of their known valency. b EFTEM image of a La_0.5Sr_0.5MnO₃ nanowire (reproduced with permission of [35])

Fig. 5

Raman spectra of the La_1 − xSr_xMnO₃ (x = 0, 0.10, and 0.33) nanowires (reproduced with permission of [47])

Fig. 6

a Top view and b cross-sectional SEM micrographs of La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ nanotube arrays (reproduced with permission of [50])

Fig. 7

SEM micrograph of a La_0.325Pr_0.300Ca_0.375MnO₃ nanotubes and b a broken tube of La_0.325Pr_0.300Ca_0.375MnO₃ (reproduced with permission of [51])

Fig. 8

a SEM images of La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃ wires. The inset shows the frequency distribution of the wire diameter. b XRD pattern of as-grown La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃ wires (reproduced with permission of [47])

Fig. 9

a SEM images and b XRD pattern of La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ nanofibers. The inset in a is the enlarged view (reproduced with permission of [52])

Fig. 10

a Topographic image of a lithographed La_2/3Sr_1/3MnO₃ thin film and its b relief profile (reproduced with permission of [26])

Fig. 11

a Schematic of the fabrication process. b SEM of an La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ triple nanoconstriction (reproduced with permission of [31])

Fig. 12

a An electron microscopy picture of a typical microbridge. b R(T) at two different current densities (reproduced with permission of [33])

Fig. 13

a Temperature-dependent resistivity of one single La_0.5Sr_0.5MnO₃ nanowire, measured in the temperature range from 5 to 310 K. The inset is the SEM image of the four-wire electrical contact made of Pt patterned on a single 45-nm La_0.5Sr_0.5MnO₃ nanowire. b Quantitative comparison of resistivity of La_0.5Sr_0.5MnO₃ nanowires and bulk (reproduced with permission of [35])

Fig. 14

Temperature-dependent resistance for the a La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃ thin films and the b La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃/MgO nanorod arrays, respectively, at various magnetic fields (reproduced with permission of [53])

Fig. 15

The temperature dependence of resistivity measured under magnetic fields of 0 and 14 T, respectively, and the MR under a field of 14 T (reproduced with permission of [36])

Fig. 16

a TEM images, b EMR signals, and c dM/dT versus T of Pr_0.5Ca_0.5MnO₃ nanowires (reproduced with permission of [37])

Fig. 17

The temperature dependence of resistance of samples A, B, and C (reproduced with permission of [30])

Fig. 18

Temperature-dependent magnetization at 100 Oe for a La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ nanotube arrays and b its bulk counterpart (reproduced with permission of [50])

Fig. 19

a FC (closed symbols) and ZFC (open symbols) magnetizations for the samples under a field of 1000 Oe. The arrows indicate T _CO (for the bulk and nanowires) or T _C (for the nanoparticles). b M–H curves for the samples at 5 K (reproduced with permission of [55])

Fig. 20

a Magnetic moment versus temperature of the LPCMO/MgO nanowires (NW) and the LPCMO bulk polycrystalline sample after ZFC and FC. The cooling field and the measuring field are both 200 Oe. b The percentage of the frozen phase defined as [m(FC) − m(ZFC)] / m(FC), c the field-dependent magnetic moment of the LPCMO/MgO nanowires at different temperatures, and d the hysteresis loops of the nanowires and the bulk sample measured at T = 10 K (reproduced with permission of [38])

Fig. 21

Schematic structure of the FeFET (reproduced with permission of [58])