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Review
. 2016 Mar 2;13(3):e1001965.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001965. eCollection 2016 Mar.

Translational Research for Tuberculosis Elimination: Priorities, Challenges, and Actions

Christian Lienhardt  1 , Knut Lönnroth  1 , Dick Menzies  2 , Manica Balasegaram  3 , Jeremiah Chakaya  4 , Frank Cobelens  5 , Jennifer Cohn  3 , Claudia M Denkinger  6 , Thomas G Evans  7 , Gunilla Källenius  8 , Gilla Kaplan  9 , Ajay M V Kumar  10 , Line Matthiessen  11 , Charles S Mgone  12 , Valerie Mizrahi  13 , Ya-Diul Mukadi  14 , Viet Nhung Nguyen  15 , Anders Nordström  16 , Christine F Sizemore  17 , Melvin Spigelman  18 , S Bertel Squire  19 , Soumya Swaminathan  20 , Paul D Van Helden  21 , Alimuddin Zumla  22 , Karin Weyer  1 , Diana Weil  1 , Mario Raviglione  1
Affiliations
Review

Translational Research for Tuberculosis Elimination: Priorities, Challenges, and Actions

Christian Lienhardt et al. PLoS Med. .

Abstract

Christian Lienhardt and colleagues describe the research efforts needed to end the global tuberculosis epidemic by 2035.

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Conflict of interest statement

CMD is employed by FIND, a nonprofit organization that collaborates with industry partners for the development, evaluation and demonstration of new diagnostic tests for poverty-related diseases. GKäl is co-founder of TBDiadirect AB, a start-up company aiming at developing the Uri-TB-direct diagnostic TB test. YM is working for USAID and has just received a donation of bedaquiline worth 30 million USD from Janssen. USAID is also funding several researches including clinical trials of short regimens for the treatment of MDR-TB, phase IIb clinical trials of novel TB drugs. SBS leads a multi-disciplinary research group with a focus on applied health research which generates knowledge for action in promoting equity in access to TB services. PDVH receives grants from the South African Medical Research Council and National Research Foundation to do unrestricted research on TB. In addition, PDVH received travel assistance for attendance at the European Society for Clinical Microbiology meeting in Copenhagen in 2015 to give a talk on his work. All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication and they do not necessarily represent the decisions or policies of the World Health Organization (WHO) or of the European Commission.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. The development pipeline of new TB diagnostics.
Sources: WHO Global TB Programme, 2015—http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/; Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND)— http://www.finddiagnostics.org/resource-centre/presentations/find_symposium_capetown_2015/index.html. Disclaimer: The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization or are preferred over others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.
Fig 2
Fig 2. The development pipeline of new TB drugs.
OBR: optimized background regimen; EBA: Early Bactericidal Activity study; DS-TB: Drug susceptible tuberculosis; MDR-TB: Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. Sources: the Stop TB Partnership Working Group on New Drugs, 2015—www.newtbdrugs.org. Details for projects listed can be found at http://www.newtbdrugs.org/pipeline.php and ongoing projects without a lead compound series identified can be viewed at http://www.newtbdrugs.org/pipeline-discovery.php.
Fig 3
Fig 3. The development pipeline of TB vaccine candidates.
Notes: (1) Endpoint data should be available in 2016; (2) efficacy data will likely be available in 2018; (3) prevention of infection data are likely to be available in 2017; and (4) initial safety and efficacy trials began in 2015. Sources: the Stop TB Partnership Working Group on New TB Vaccines, 2015—www.newtbvaccines.org; Aeras—www.aeras.org.
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References

    1. Uplekar M, Weil D, Lonnroth K, et al. WHO's new end TB strategy. Lancet 2015;385(9979):1799–801 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60570-0 - DOI - PubMed
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