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. 2016 Mar 3;11(3):e0150422.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150422. eCollection 2016.

Mortality from Congenital Heart Disease in Mexico: A Problem on the Rise

José Luis Torres-Cosme  1 , Constanza Rolón-Porras  1 , Mónica Aguinaga-Ríos  2 , Pedro Manuel Acosta-Granado  3 , Enrique Reyes-Muñoz  4 , Teresa Murguía-Peniche  1   5
Affiliations

Mortality from Congenital Heart Disease in Mexico: A Problem on the Rise

José Luis Torres-Cosme et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background and objectives: Temporal trends in mortality from congenital heart disease (CHD) vary among regions. It is therefore necessary to study this problem in each country. In Mexico, congenital anomalies were responsible for 24% of infant mortality in 2013 and CHD represented 55% of total deaths from congenital anomalies among children under 1 year of age. The objectives of this study were to analyze the trends in infant mortality from CHD in Mexico (1998 to 2013), its specific causes, age at death and associated socio-demographic factors.

Methods: Population-based study which calculated the compounded annual growth rate of death rom CHD between 1998 and 2013. Specific causes, age at which death from CHD occurred and risk factors associated with mortality were analyzed for the year 2013.

Results: Infant mortality from CHD increased 24.8% from 1998 to 2013 (114.4 to 146.4/ 100,000 live births). A total of 3,593 CHD deaths occurred in 2013; the main causes were CHD with left-to-right shunt (n = 487; 19.8/100,000 live births) and cyanotic heart disease (n = 410; 16.7/100,000). A total of 1,049 (29.2%) deaths from CHD occurred during the first week of life. Risk factors associated with mortality from CHD were, in order of magnitude: non-institutional birth, rural area, birth in a public hospital and male sex.

Conclusions: Mortality from CHD has increased in Mexico. The main causes were CHD with left-to-right shunt, which are not necessarily fatal if treated promptly. Populations vulnerable to death from CHD were identified. Approximately one-third of the CHD occurred during the first week of life. It is important to promote early diagnosis, especially for non-institutional births.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Infant mortality rate from congenital heart disease by sex.
Deaths per 100,000 live registered births, Mexico 1998–2013.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Infant mortality rate from congenital heart disease by region.
Deaths per 100,000 live registered births, Mexico, 2013. Reprinted from Instituto de Geografía de la Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 3.0, with permission from Stephan André Couturier, original copyright 2015.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Main causes of infant mortality from congenital heart disease, Mexico 1998–2013.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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