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Review
. 2016 Feb 22:7:61.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00061. eCollection 2016.

Immunological Landscape and Clinical Management of Rectal Cancer

Elísabeth Pérez-Ruiz  1 , Pedro Berraondo  2
Affiliations
Review

Immunological Landscape and Clinical Management of Rectal Cancer

Elísabeth Pérez-Ruiz et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

The clinical management of rectal cancer and colon cancer differs due to increased local relapses in rectal cancer. However, the current molecular classification does not differentiate rectal cancer and colon cancer as two different entities. In recent years, the impact of the specific immune microenvironment in cancer has attracted renewed interest and is currently recognized as one of the major determinants of clinical progression in a wide range of tumors. In colorectal cancer, the density of lymphocytic infiltration is associated with better overall survival. Due to the need for biomarkers of response to conventional treatment with chemoradiotherapy in rectal tumors, the immune status of rectal cancer emerges as a useful tool to improve the management of patients.

Keywords: chemotherapy; immune system; predictive factors; radiotherapy; rectal cancer.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Molecular biomarkers of right and left colorectal tumors. The recent consensus of CRC subtypes describe four types of CRC. The characteristics of CMS1 and CMS2 are very similar to the right and left tumors, respectively.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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