Orthostatic hypotension and cardiac sympathetic denervation in Parkinson disease patients with REM sleep behavioral disorder

Abstract

Background: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavioral disorder (RBD), orthostatic hypotension (OH), and cardiac sympathetic denervation were commonly observed in PD and are related in both the premotor and motor periods. This study is intended to evaluate if the OH and cardiac sympathetic denervation found in PD are associated with RBD.

Methods: Among 94 non-medicated and mild PD patients, 53 had RBD. Orthostatic vital signs and ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure values were recorded. (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) cardiac scintigraphy as obtained in all patients. The association between orthostatic hypotension, supine hypertension, nocturnal hypertension, non-dipping, myocardial MIBG uptake, and RBD was analyzed.

Results: RBD was associated with orthostatic hypotension. Patients with RBD had higher systolic blood pressure changes during orthostasis and lower myocardial MIBG uptake than patients without RBD and controls. Patients with OH also had lower mean H/M ratios those in the non-OH group.

Conclusion: This study showed that RBD was closely associated with OH and cardiac sympathetic denervation in patients with early and mild PD. The result also suggests that impaired cardiac sympathetic innervation could be the mechanism behind OH in PD. This association may be closely correlated with Braak alpha-synuclein pathogenetic sequences, which would account for the clinical spectrum of PD.

Keywords: (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) cardiac scintigraphy; Cardiac sympathetic denervation; Orthostatic hypotension (OH); Parkinson's disease; Rapid eye movement sleep behavioral disorder (RBD).