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. 2016 Mar 7;11(3):e0151038.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151038. eCollection 2016.

Risk Factors and Screening for Trypanosoma cruzi Infection of Dutch Blood Donors

Ed Slot  1 , Boris M Hogema  1   2 , Michel Molier  1 , Aldert Bart  3 , Hans L Zaaijer  1   2   3
Affiliations

Risk Factors and Screening for Trypanosoma cruzi Infection of Dutch Blood Donors

Ed Slot et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Blood donors unaware of Trypanosoma cruzi infection may donate infectious blood. Risk factors and the presence of T. cruzi antibodies in at-risk Dutch blood donors were studied to assess whether specific blood safety measures are warranted in the Netherlands.

Methodology: Birth in a country endemic for Chagas disease (CEC), having a mother born in a CEC, or having resided for at least six continuous months in a CEC were considered risk factors for T. cruzi infection. From March through September 2013, risk factor questions were asked to all donors who volunteered to donate blood or blood components. Serum samples were collected from donors reporting one or more risk factors, and screened for IgG antibodies to T. cruzi by EIA.

Results: Risk factors for T. cruzi infection were reported by 1,426 of 227,278 donors (0.6%). Testing 1,333 at-risk donors, none (0.0%; 95%, CI 0.0-0.4%) was seroreactive for IgG antibodies to T. cruzi. A total of 472 donors were born in a CEC; 553 donors reported their mother being born in a CEC; and 1,121 donors reported a long-term stay in a CEC. The vast majority of reported risk factors were related to Suriname and Brazil. Overall, the participants resided for 7,694 years in CECs, which equals 2.8 million overnight stays. Of those, 1.9 million nights were spent in Suriname.

Conclusions/significance: Asymptomatic T. cruzi infection appears to be extremely rare among Dutch blood donors. Blood safety interventions to mitigate the risk of T. cruzi transmission by transfusion would be highly cost-ineffective in the Netherlands, and are thus not required.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Distribution of EIA signals in serum samples screened for presence of IgG antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi.
The samples were collected from 1,333 Dutch blood donors reporting risk factors for T. cruzi infection. A sample-to-cutoff (S/CO) value < 1.0 is considered negative, indicating the absence of T. cruzi antibodies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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