Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Clinical Trial
. 2016 Mar;6(3):308-14.
doi: 10.1002/alr.21664. Epub 2015 Nov 19.

Dyad of pain and depression in chronic rhinosinusitis

Daniel R Cox  1 , Shaelene Ashby  1 , Adam S DeConde  2 , Jess C Mace  3 , Richard R Orlandi  1 , Timothy L Smith  3 , Jeremiah A Alt  1
Affiliations
Clinical Trial

Dyad of pain and depression in chronic rhinosinusitis

Daniel R Cox et al. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016 Mar.

Abstract

Background: Pain and depression often coexist as comorbidities in patients with chronic disease and exert a major impact on quality of life (QOL). Little is known about the relationship between pain and depression in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Our objective was to investigate this relationship and to analyze the effect of pain and depression on QOL in CRS.

Methods: Patients with CRS were prospectively recruited as part of an observational cohort study. A total of 70 participants provided pain scores using both the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI-SF) and the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ). Patients at risk for depression were identified using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2). CRS-specific QOL was determined using the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22).

Results: Significant positive correlations were found between depression scores and all pain measures (R = 0.475 to 0.644, p < 0.001). Patients with a PHQ-2 score ≥1 had significantly higher scores on all reported pain measures. Significant positive correlations were found between all pain measures, the total SNOT-22 score, and 3 SNOT-22 subdomains (sleep, psychological dysfunction, and ear/facial symptoms; R = 0.323 to 0.608, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Adult patients with CRS at risk for depression experience more pain and have overall worse disease-specific QOL. Further research investigating the complex interactions between depression and pain and the role it plays in CRS disease-specific QOL is warranted.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01332136.

Keywords: data collection; depression; pain; quality of life; sinusitis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None

References

    1. Bair MJ, Robinson RL, Katon W, Kroenke K. Depression and pain comorbidity: a literature review. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(20):2433–2445. - PubMed
    1. Craven MA, Bland R. Depression in primary care: current and future challenges. Can J Psychiatry. 2013;58(8):442–448. - PubMed
    1. Greenberg PE, Kessler RC, Birnbaum HG, et al. The economic burden of depression in the United States: how did it change between 1990 and 2000? J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(12):1465–1475. - PubMed
    1. Alschuler KN, Ehde DM, Jensen MP. Co-occurring depression and pain in multiple sclerosis. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2013;24(4):703–715. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Conley S, Feder S, Redeker NS. The relationship between pain, fatigue, depression and functional performance in stable heart failure. Heart Lung. 2015;44(2):107–112. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

Associated data