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. 2015 Jun:81:85-147.
doi: 10.1016/j.simyco.2015.12.001. Epub 2016 Jan 8.

Towards an integrated phylogenetic classification of the Tremellomycetes

X-Z Liu  1 , Q-M Wang  1 , M Göker  2 , M Groenewald  3 , A V Kachalkin  4 , H T Lumbsch  5 , A M Millanes  6 , M Wedin  7 , A M Yurkov  2 , T Boekhout  8 , F-Y Bai  1
Affiliations

Towards an integrated phylogenetic classification of the Tremellomycetes

X-Z Liu et al. Stud Mycol. 2015 Jun.

Abstract

Families and genera assigned to Tremellomycetes have been mainly circumscribed by morphology and for the yeasts also by biochemical and physiological characteristics. This phenotype-based classification is largely in conflict with molecular phylogenetic analyses. Here a phylogenetic classification framework for the Tremellomycetes is proposed based on the results of phylogenetic analyses from a seven-genes dataset covering the majority of tremellomycetous yeasts and closely related filamentous taxa. Circumscriptions of the taxonomic units at the order, family and genus levels recognised were quantitatively assessed using the phylogenetic rank boundary optimisation (PRBO) and modified general mixed Yule coalescent (GMYC) tests. In addition, a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on an expanded LSU rRNA (D1/D2 domains) gene sequence dataset covering as many as available teleomorphic and filamentous taxa within Tremellomycetes was performed to investigate the relationships between yeasts and filamentous taxa and to examine the stability of undersampled clades. Based on the results inferred from molecular data and morphological and physiochemical features, we propose an updated classification for the Tremellomycetes. We accept five orders, 17 families and 54 genera, including seven new families and 18 new genera. In addition, seven families and 17 genera are emended and one new species name and 185 new combinations are proposed. We propose to use the term pro tempore or pro tem. in abbreviation to indicate the species names that are temporarily maintained.

Keywords: A. cacaoliposimilis (J.L. Zhou, S.O. Suh & Gujjari) Kachalkin, A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; A. dehoogii (Middelhoven, Scorzetti & Fell) A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; A. domesticum (Sugita, A. Nishikawa & Shinoda) A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; A. dulcitum (Berkhout) A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; A. gamsii (Middelhoven, Scorzetti, Sigler & Fell) A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; A. gracile (Weigmann & A. Wolff) A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; A. laibachii (Windisch) A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; A. lignicola (Diddens) A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; A. loubieri (Morenz) A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; A. montevideense (L.A. Queiroz) A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; A. mycotoxinivorans (O. Molnár, Schatzm. & Prillinger) A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; A. scarabaeorum (Middelhoven, Scorzetti & Fell) A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; A. siamense (Nakase, Jindam., Sugita & H. Kawas.) Kachalkin, A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; A. sporotrichoides (van Oorschot) A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; A. vadense (Middelhoven, Scorzetti & Fell) A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; A. veenhuisii (Middelhoven, Scorzetti & Fell) A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; A. wieringae (Middelhoven) A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; A. xylopini (S.O. Suh, Lee, Gujjari & Zhou) Kachalkin, A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; Apiotrichumbrassicae (Nakase) A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; Bandonia A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Bandoniamarina (van Uden & Zobell) A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Bu. foliicola (Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, Boekhout & Nakase) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Bu. hainanense (Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, Boekhout & Nakase) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Bu. panici (Fungsin, M. Takash. & Nakase) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Bu. pseudovariabile (F.Y. Bai, M. Takash. & Nakase) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Bu. sanyaense (Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, Boekhout & Nakase) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Bu. setariae (Nakase, Tsuzuki, F.L. Lee & M. Takash.) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Bu. siamense (Fungsin, M. Takash. & Nakase) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Bu. variabile (Nakase & M. Suzuki) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Bu. wuzhishanense (Q.M. Wang, F.Y. Bai, Boekhout & Nakase) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Bulleraceae X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Bulleribasidiaceae X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Bulleribasidiumbegoniae (Nakase, Tsuzuki, F.L. Lee & M. Takash.) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Carc. polyporina (D.A. Reid) A.M. Yurkov; Carcinomycesarundinariae (Fungsin, M. Takash. & Nakase) A.M. Yurkov; Carlosrosaea A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Carlosrosaeavrieseae (Landell, Brandão, Safar, Gomes, Félix, Santos, Pagani, Ramos, Broetto, Mott, Valente & Rosa) A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Cr. luteus (Roberts) Boekhout, Liu, Bai & M. Groenew.; Cryptococcusdepauperatus (Petch) Boekhout, Liu, Bai & M. Groenew.; Cu. curvatus (Diddens & Lodder) A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Cu. cutaneum (de Beurmann, Gougerot & Vaucher) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Cu. cyanovorans (Motaung, Albertyn, J.L.F. Kock et Pohl) A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Cu. daszewskae (Takash., Sugita, Shinoda & Nakase) A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Cu. debeurmannianum (Sugita, Takash., Nakase & Shinoda) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Cu. dermatis (Sugita, Takash., Nakase, Ichikawa, Ikeda & Shinoda) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Cu. guehoae (Middelhoven, Scorzettii & Fell) A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Cu. haglerorum (Middelhoven, Á. Fonseca, S.C. Carreiro, Pagnocca & O.C. Bueno) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Cu. jirovecii (Frágner) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Cu. moniliiforme (Weigmann & A. Wolff) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Cu. mucoides (E. Guého & M.T. Smith) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Cu. oleaginosus (J.J. Zhou, S.O. Suh & Gujjari) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Cu. smithiae (Middelhoven, Scorzetti, Sugita & Fell) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Cu. terricola (Sugita, M. Takash. & Nakase) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Cutaneotrichosporon X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Cutaneotrichosporonarboriformis (Sugita, M. Takash., Sano, Nishim., Kinebuchi, S. Yamag. & Osanai) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Dimennazyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Dimennazyma cistialbidi (Á. Fonseca, J. Inácio & Spenc.-Mart.) A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Effuseotrichosporon A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Effuseotrichosporon vanderwaltii (Motaung, Albertyn, Kock, C.F. Lee, S.O. Suh, M. Blackwell & C.H. Pohl) A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Fil. magnum (Lodder & Kreger-van Rij) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Fil. oeirense (Á. Fonseca, Scorzetti & Fell) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Fil. stepposum (Golubev & J.P. Samp.) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Fil. wieringae (Á. Fonseca, Scorzetti & Fell) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Filobasidium chernovii (Á. Fonseca, Scorzetti & Fell) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Fon. mujuensis (K.S. Shin & Y.H. Park) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Fon. tronadorensis (V. De Garcia, Zalar, Brizzio, Gunde-Cim. & van Brook) A.M. Yurkov; Fonsecazyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Fonsecazyma betulae (K. Sylvester, Q.M. Wang, C. T. Hittinger) A.M. Yurkov, A.V. Kachalkin & Boekhout; Gelidatrema A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai; Gelidatrema spencermartinsiae (Garcia, Brizzio, Boekhout, Theelen, Libkind & van Broock) A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Gen. armeniaca (Á. Fonseca & J. Inácio) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Gen. bromeliarum (Landell & P. Valente) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Gen. tibetensis (F.Y. Bai & Q.M. Wang) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Genolevuria X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Genolevuria amylolytica (Á. Fonseca, J. Inácio & Spenc.-Mart.) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Gof. agrionensis (Russo, Libkind, Samp. & van Broock) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Gof. gastrica (Reiersöl & di Menna) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Gof. gilvescens (Chernov & Babeva) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Gof. iberica (Gadanho & J.P. Samp.) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Gof. metallitolerans (Gadanho & J.P. Samp.) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Goffeauzyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Goffeauzyma aciditolerans (Gadanho & J.P. Samp.) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Haglerozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Haglerozymachiarellii (Pagnocca, Legaspe, Rodrigues & Ruivo) A. M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Het. bachmannii (Diederich & M.S. Christ.) Millanes & Wedin; Het. physciacearum (Diederich) Millanes & Wedin; Heterocephalacriaarrabidensis (Á. Fonseca, Scorzetti & Fell) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Itersoniliapannonica (Niwata, Takash., Tornai-Lehoczki, T. Deák & Nakase) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Jelly fungi; Ko. distylii (Hamam., Kuroy. & Nakase) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Ko. fuzhouensis (J.Z. Yue) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Ko. lichenicola (Prillinger, G. Kraep. & Lopandic) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai; Ko. mexicana (Lopandic, O. Molnár & Prillinger) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Ko. ogasawarensis (Hamam., Kuroy. & Nakase) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, Groenew. & Boekhout; Ko. sichuanensis (Prillinger, G. Kraep. & Lopandic) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Kockovaellachinensis (Prillinger, G. Kraep. & Lopandic) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Kockovaellaprillingeri (Prillinger, G. Kraep. & Lopandic) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Kr. tahquamenonensis (Wang, Hulfachor, Sylvester and Hittinger) A.M. Yurkov; Krasilnikovozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Krasilnikovozymahuempii (C. Ramírez & A. E. González) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Kw. dejecticola (Thanh, Hai & Lachance) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Kw. dendrophila (Van der Walt & D.B. Scott) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Kw. pini (Golubev & Pfeiffer) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Kw. shivajii (S.R. Ravella, S.A. James, C.J. Bond, I.N. Roberts, K. Cross, Retter & P.J. Hobbs) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Kwoniellabestiolae (Thanh, Hai & Lachance) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; M. Groenew. & Boekhout; M. cryoconiti (Margesin & Fell) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; M. niccombsii (Thomas-Hall) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Morphology; Mrakiaaquatica (E.B.G. Jones & Slooff) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Mrakiaceae X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Multigene phylogeny; Naem. microspora (Lloyd) Millanes & Wedin; Naemateliaaurantialba (Bandoni & M. Zang) Millanes & Wedin; Naemateliaceae X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Nag. albida (Saito) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Nag. albidosimilis (Vishniac & Kurtzman) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Nag. antarctica (Vishniac & Kurtzman) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Nag. bhutanensis (Goto & Sugiy.) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Nag. cerealis (Passoth, A.-C. Andersson, Olstorpe, Theelen, Boekhout & Schnürer) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Nag. diffluens (Zach) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Nag. friedmannii (Vishniac) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Nag. liquefaciens (Saito & M. Ota) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Nag. onofrii (Turchetti, Selbmann & Zucconi) A.M. Yurkov; Nag. randhawae (Z.U. Khan, S.O. Suh. Ahmad, F. Hagen, Fell, Kowshik, Chandy & Boekhout) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Nag. uzbekistanensis (Á. Fonseca, Scorzetti & Fell) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Nag. vaughanmartiniae (Turchetti, Blanchette & Arenz) A.M. Yurkov; Nag. vishniacii (Vishniac & Hempfling) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Naganishiaadeliensis (Scorzetti, I. Petrescu, Yarrow & Fell) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Niel. melastomae (Nakase, Tsuzuki, F.L. Lee & M. Takash.) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Nielozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Nielozymaformosana (Nakase, Tsuzuki, F.L. Lee & M. Takash.) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; P. mycophaga (G.W. Martin) Millanes & Wedin; Pap. aspenensis (K. Ferreira-Paim, T.B. Ferreira, L. Andrade-Silva, D.J. Mora, D.J. Springer, J. Heitman, F.M. Fonseca, D. Matos, M.S.C. Melhem & M.L. Silva-Vergara) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; Pap. aurea (Saito) M. Takash., Sugita, Shinoda & Nakase) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Pap. baii (A.M. Yurkov, M.A. Guerreiro & Á. Fonseca) A.M. Yurkov; Pap. flavescens (Saito) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Pap. fonsecae (V. de García, Zalar, Braizzio, Gunde-Cim. & van Brollck) A.M. Yurkov; Pap. frias (V. de García, Zalar, Braizzio, Gunde-Cim. & van Brollck) A.M. Yurkov; Pap. fuscus (J.P. Samp., J. Inácio, Fonseca & Fell) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Pap. hoabinhensis (D.T. Luong, M. Takash., Ty. Dung & Nakase) A.M. Yurkov; Pap. japonica (J.P. Samp., Fonseca & Fell) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Pap. laurentii (Kuff.) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Pap. mangalensis (Fell, Statzell & Scorzett) A.M. Yurkov; Pap. nemorosus (Golubev, Gadanho, J.P. Samp. & N.W. Golubev) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Pap. perniciosus (Golubev, Gadanho, J.P. Samp. & N.W. Golubev) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai; Pap. pseudoalba (Nakase & M. Suzuki) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Pap. rajasthanensis (Saluja & G.S. Prasad) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Pap. ruineniae (A.M. Yurkov, M.A. Guerreiro & Á. Fonseca) A.M. Yurkov; Pap. taeanensis (K.S. Shin & Y.H. Park) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Pap. terrestris (Crestani, Landell, Faganello, Vainstein, Vishniac & P. Valente) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Pap. wisconsinensis (Crestani, Landell, Faganello, Vainstein, Vishniac & P. Valente) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Papiliotremaanemochoreius (C.H. Pohl, Kock, P.W.J. van Wyk & Albertyn) F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Ph. mycetophiloides (Kobayasi) Millanes & Wedin; Ph. neofoliacea (Chee J. Chen) Millanes & Wedin; Ph. simplex (H.S. Jacks. & G.W. Martin) Millanes & Wedin; Ph. skinneri (Phaff & Carmo Souza) A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; Phaeotremellaceae A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; Phaeotremellafagi (Middelhoven & Scorzetti) A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; Pis. cylindrica (Á. Fonseca, Scorzetti & Fell) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Pis. fildesensis (T. Zhang & L.-Y. Yu) A.M. Yurkov; Pis. filicatus (Golubev & J.P. Samp.) Kachalkin; Pis. silvicola (Golubev & J.P. Samp.) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, Groenew. & Boekhout; Pis. sorana (Hauerslev) A.M. Yurkov; Pis. taiwanensis (Nakase, Tsuzuki & M. Takash.) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Piskurozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Piskurozymacapsuligena (Fell, Statzell, I.L. Hunter & Phaff) A.M. Yurkov; Piskurozymaceae X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Ps. lacticolor (Satoh & Makimura) A.M. Yurkov; Ps. moriformis (Berk.) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Ps. nivalis (Chee J. Chen) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Pseudotremella X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, A.M. Yurkov, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Pseudotremellaallantoinivorans (Middelhoven) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; R. complexa (Landell, Pagnocca, Sette, Passarini, Garcia, Ribeiro, Lee, Brandao, Rosa & Valente) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew., Boekhout & A.M. Yurkov; R. fermentans (Lee) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew., Boekhout & A.M. Yurkov; R. glucofermentans (S.O. Suh & Blackwell) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew., Boekhout & A.M. Yurkov; R. nanyangensis (F.L. Hui & Q.H. Niu) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew., Boekhout & A.M. Yurkov; R. noutii (Boekhout, Fell, Scorzett & Theelen) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew., Boekhout & A.M. Yurkov; R. tunnelae (Boekhout, Fell, Scorzetti & Theelen) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew., Boekhout & A.M. Yurkov; R. visegradensis (Peter & Dlauchy) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew., Boekhout & A.M. Yurkov; Ranks; Rhynchogastremaaquatica (Brandao, Valente, Pimenta & Rosa) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew., Boekhout & A.M. Yurkov; Sait. ninhbinhensis (Luong, Takash., Dung & Nakase) A.M. Yurkov; Sait. paraflava (Golubev & J.P. Samp.) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Sait. podzolica (Babeva & Reshetova) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Saitozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Saitozymaflava (Saito) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Sol. fuscescens (Golubev) A.M. Yurkov; Sol. keelungensis (C.F. Chang & S.M. Liu) A.M. Yurkov; Sol. phenolicus (Á. Fonseca, Scorzetti & Fell) A.M. Yurkov; Sol. terreus (Di Menna) A.M. Yurkov; Sol. terricola (T.A. Pedersen) A.M. Yurkov; Solicoccozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Solicoccozymaaeria (Saito) A.M. Yurkov; Sugitazyma A.M. Yurkov, X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Sugitazymamiyagiana (Nakase, Itoh, Takem. & Bandoni) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Tausoniapullulans (Lindner) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Taxonomy; Tremellayokohamensis (Alshahni, Satoh & Makimura) A.M. Yurkov; Tremellomycetes; Trimorphomycessakaeraticus (Fungsin, M. Takash. & Nakase) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew., Boekhout & A.M. Yurkov; Trimorphomycetaceae X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Van. meifongana (C.F. Lee) Kachalkin, A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; Van. nantouana (C.F. Lee) Kachalkin, A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; Van. thermophila (Vogelmann, Chaves & Hertel) Kachalkin, A.M. Yurkov & Boekhout; Vanrijafragicola (M. Takash., Sugita, Shinoda & Nakase) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Vis. dimennae (Fell & Phaff) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Vis. foliicola (Q.M. Wang & F.Y. Bai) A.M. Yurkov; Vis. globispora (B.N. Johri & Bandoni) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Vis. heimaeyensis (Vishniac) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Vis. nebularis (Vishniac) A.M. Yurkov; Vis. peneaus (Phaff, Mrak & O.B. Williams) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Vis. psychrotolerans (V. de García, Zalar, Brizzio, Gunde-Cim. & van Broock) A.M. Yurkov; Vis. taibaiensis (Q.M. Wang & F.Y. Bai) A.M. Yurkov; Vis. tephrensis (Vishniac) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Vis. victoriae (M.J. Montes, Belloch, Galiana, M.D. García, C. Andrés, S. Ferrer, Torr.-Rodr. & J. Guinea) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Vishniacozyma X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Vishniacozymacarnescens (Verona & Luchetti) X.Z. Liu, F.Y. Bai, M. Groenew. & Boekhout; Yeasts.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A taxonomic framework of genera and higher levels in Tremellomycetes based on the seven-genes phylogeny (Liu et al. 2015). The tree backbone is constructed using Bayesian analysis and branch lengths are scaled in terms of expected numbers of nucleotide substitutions per site. The Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) and bootstrap percentages (BP) of maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining analyses from 1 000 replicates are shown respectively from left to right on the deep and major branches resolved. Note: ns, not supported (PP < 0.9 or BP < 50 %); nm, not monophyletic.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Phylogenetic relationships of yeasts and related taxa in Tremellomycetes (major lineages) obtained by maximum-likelihood analysis of LSU (D1/D2 domains) rRNA gene. Tree topology was backbone-constrained with the well-supported (>85 %) bipartitions of the topology of the seven-genes tree (Liu et al. 2015). Bootstrap percentages (BP) of maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining analyses from 1 000 replicates are shown respectively from left to right on the deep and major branches resolved and in brackets following recognised clades. Note: ns, not supported (BP < 50 %).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Phylogenetic relationships of yeasts and related taxa from the order Cystofilobasidiales in Tremellomycetes obtained by maximum-likelihood analysis of LSU (D1/D2 domains) rRNA gene. Tree topology was backbone-constrained with the well-supported (>85 %) bipartitions of the topology of the seven-genes tree (Liu et al. 2015). Bootstrap percentages (BP) of maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining analyses from 1 000 replicates are shown respectively from left to right on the deep and major branches resolved and in brackets following recognised clades. The type species of accepted genera are in bold and the taxa not included in the seven-genes dataset (Liu et al. 2015) are in red. Note: ns, not supported (BP < 50 %).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Phylogenetic relationships of yeasts and related taxa from the order Filobasidiales in Tremellomycetes obtained by maximum-likelihood analysis of LSU (D1/D2 domains) rRNA gene. Tree topology was backbone-constrained with the well-supported (>85 %) bipartitions of the topology of the seven-genes tree (Liu et al. 2015). Bootstrap percentages (BP) of maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining analyses from 1 000 replicates are shown respectively from left to right on the deep and major branches resolved and in brackets following recognised clades. The type species of accepted genera are in bold and the taxa not included in the seven-genes dataset (Liu et al. 2015) are in red. Note: ns, not supported (BP < 50 %).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Phylogenetic relationships of yeasts and related taxa from the order Tremellales in Tremellomycetes obtained by maximum-likelihood analysis of LSU (D1/D2 domains) rRNA gene. Tree topology was backbone-constrained with the well-supported (>85 %) bipartitions of the topology of the seven-genes tree (Liu et al. 2015). Bootstrap percentages (BP) of maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining analyses from 1 000 replicates are shown respectively from left to right on the deep and major branches resolved and in brackets following recognised clades. The type species of accepted genera are in bold and the taxa not included in the seven-genes dataset (Liu et al. 2015) are in red. Note: ns, not supported (BP < 50 %).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Phylogenetic relationships of yeasts and related taxa from the order Tremellales in Tremellomycetes obtained by maximum-likelihood analysis of LSU (D1/D2 domains) rRNA gene. Tree topology was backbone-constrained with the well-supported (>85 %) bipartitions of the topology of the seven-genes tree (Liu et al. 2015). Bootstrap percentages (BP) of maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining analyses from 1 000 replicates are shown respectively from left to right on the deep and major branches resolved and in brackets following recognised clades. The type species of accepted genera are in bold and the taxa not included in the seven-genes dataset (Liu et al. 2015) are in red. Note: ns, not supported (BP < 50 %).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Phylogenetic relationships of yeasts and related taxa from the order Tremellales in Tremellomycetes obtained by maximum-likelihood analysis of LSU (D1/D2 domains) rRNA gene. Tree topology was backbone-constrained with the well-supported (>85 %) bipartitions of the topology of the seven-genes tree (Liu et al. 2015). Bootstrap percentages (BP) of maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining analyses from 1 000 replicates are shown respectively from left to right on the deep and major branches resolved and in brackets following recognised clades. The type species of accepted genera are in bold and the taxa not included in the seven-genes dataset (Liu et al. 2015) are in red. Note: ns, not supported (BP < 50 %).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Phylogenetic relationships of yeasts and related taxa from the order Tremellales in Tremellomycetes obtained by maximum-likelihood analysis of LSU (D1/D2 domains) rRNA gene. Tree topology was backbone-constrained with the well-supported (>85 %) bipartitions of the topology of the seven-genes tree (Liu et al. 2015). Bootstrap percentages (BP) of maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining analyses from 1 000 replicates are shown respectively from left to right on the deep and major branches resolved and in brackets following recognised clades. The type species of accepted genera are in bold and the taxa not included in the seven-genes dataset (Liu et al. 2015) are in red. Note: ns, not supported (BP < 50 %).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Phylogenetic relationships of yeasts and related taxa from the order Tremellales in Tremellomycetes obtained by maximum-likelihood analysis of LSU (D1/D2 domains) rRNA gene. Tree topology was backbone-constrained with the well-supported (>85 %) bipartitions of the topology of the seven-genes tree (Liu et al. 2015). Bootstrap percentages (BP) of maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining analyses from 1 000 replicates are shown respectively from left to right on the deep and major branches resolved and in brackets following recognised clades. The type species of accepted genera are in bold and the taxa not included in the seven-genes dataset (Liu et al. 2015) are in red. Note: ns, not supported (BP < 50 %).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Phylogenetic relationships of yeasts and related taxa from the orders Trichosporonales in Tremellomycetes obtained by maximum-likelihood analysis of LSU (D1/D2 domains) rRNA gene. Tree topology was backbone-constrained with the well-supported (>85 %) bipartitions of the topology of the seven-genes tree (Liu et al. 2015). Bootstrap percentages (BP) of maximum likelihood and neighbour-joining analyses from 1 000 replicates are shown respectively from left to right on the deep and major branches resolved and in brackets following recognised clades. The type species of accepted genera are in bold and the taxa not included in the seven-genes dataset (Liu et al. 2015) are in red. Note: ns, not supported (BP < 50 %).
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