Predictive Biomarkers for PD-1 Axis Therapies: The Hidden Treasure or a Call for Research

Abstract

Blockade of the PD-1 axis has emerged as an effective anticancer immunotherapy against various tumor types. Diverse studies have identified biomarkers associated with response to these therapies. However, the clinical use of such tests is limited by their variable performance and restricted understanding of their biologic significance. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2102-4. ©2016 AACRSee related article by Ock et al., p. 2261.

Figure 1. Translational view of the complex patient-tumor immune interactions

Central to the anti-tumor immune response are the patient contexture and tumor antigenic potential. Diverse patient factors can affect the anti-tumor immune response including particular genotypes, antigenic exposure, co-morbidity and treatments, aging and environmental exposures. Tumor features involved include the genomic landscape of mutations/neoantigens, genomic instability, heterogeneity, immune suppressive signals, oncogenic viruses, antigen silencing, among other. Diverse strategies can be used in translational research using patient samples or model systems to interrogate specific components of these interactions. TIL, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte.