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. 2016 Mar 12:49:18.
doi: 10.1186/s40659-016-0079-2.

Antitumor and anti-angiogenic potentials of isolated crude saponins and various fractions of Rumex hastatus D. Don

Sajjad Ahmad  1 , Farhat Ullah  1 , Muhammad Ayaz  1 , Anwar Zeb  1 , Farman Ullah  2 , Abdul Sadiq  3
Affiliations

Antitumor and anti-angiogenic potentials of isolated crude saponins and various fractions of Rumex hastatus D. Don

Sajjad Ahmad et al. Biol Res. .

Abstract

Background: Cancer, being the foremost challenge of the modern era and the focus of world-class investigators, gargantuan research is in progress worldwide to explore novel therapeutic for its management. The exploitation of natural sources has been proven to be an excellent approach to treat or minify the excessive angiogenesis and proliferation of cells. Similarly, based the ethnomedicinal uses and literature survey, the current study is designed to explore the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic potentials of Rumex hastatus. Anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activities were carried out using potato-disc model and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay respectively. Moreover, R. hastatus was also assessed for antibacterial activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens (tumor causing bacterial strain). The positive controls used in anti-tumor, anti-angiogenic and antibacterial activities were vincristine sulphate, dexamethasone and cefotaxime respectively.

Results: The crude saponins (Rh.Sp), methanolic extract (Rh.Cr) and other solvent extracts like n-hexane (Rh.Hex), chloroform (Rh.Chf), ethylacetate (Rh.EtAc) and aqueous fraction (Rh.Aq) exhibited notable anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activities. In potato tumor assay, the chloroform and saponin fractions were observed to be the most effective showing 86.7 and 93.3 % tumor inhibition at 1000 µg/ml with IC50 values 31.6 and 18.1 µg/ml respectively. Similarly, these two samples i.e., chloroform and saponins also excelled among the entire test samples in anti-angiogenic evaluation exhibiting 81.6 % (IC50 = 17.9 µg/ml) and 78.9 % (IC50 = 64.9 µg/ml) at 1000 µg/ml respectively. In contrast, the antibacterial investigations revealed a negligible potential against A. tumefaciens.

Conclusion: Based on our results we can claim that R. hastatus possesses both anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic potentials. In all of the solvent fractions, Rh.Chf and Rh.Sp were most effective against tumor and angiogenesis while having negligible activity against A. tumefaciens. It can be concluded that Rh.Chf and Rh.Sp might be potential targets in the isolation of natural product having anti-neoplastic action.

Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Angiogenesis; Rumex hastatus; Saponins; Tumor.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Graphical presentation of potato disc anti-tumor assay (Left) and CAM angiogenesis assay (Right)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Cluster analysis and dendrogram based IC50 values of various samples of Rumex hastatus in anti-tumor assay. Rh.Cr Crude methanolic extract, Rh.Hex n-hexane fraction, Rh.Chf chloroform fraction, Rh.EtAc ethyl acetate fraction, Rh.Aq aqueous fraction, Rh.Sp saponins, P.Cont positive control
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Antitumor activity of various samples of Rumex hastatus along with positive and negative controls. Positive control used was applied with vincristine sulphate and Agrobacterium tumefaciens while the negative control was only applied with Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Cluster analysis and dendrogram based on IC50 values of various samples of Rumex hastatus in anti-angiogenic activity. Rh.Cr Crude methanolic extract, Rh.Hex n-hexane fraction, Rh.Chf chloroform fraction, Rh.EtAc ethyl acetate fraction, Rh.Aq aqueous fraction, Rh.Sp saponins, P.Cont positive control
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Anti-angiogenic activity of various samples of Rumex hastatus along with positive and negative control. Positive control CAM was applied with dexamethasone
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