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. 2016 Mar 5:38:e2016006.
doi: 10.4178/epih.e2016006. eCollection 2016.

Ecological context of infant mortality in high-focus states of India

Laishram Ladusingh  1 , Ashish Kumar Gupta  2 , Awdhesh Yadav  3
Affiliations

Ecological context of infant mortality in high-focus states of India

Laishram Ladusingh et al. Epidemiol Health. .

Abstract

Objectives: This goal of this study was to shed light on the ecological context as a potential determinant of the infant mortality rate in nine high-focus states in India.

Methods: Data from the Annual Health Survey (2010-2011), the Census of India (2011), and the District Level Household and Facility Survey 3 (2007-08) were used in this study. In multiple regression analysis explanatory variable such as underdevelopment is measured by the non-working population, and income inequality, quantified as the proportion of households in the bottom wealth quintile. While, the trickle-down effect of education is measured by female literacy, and investment in health, as reflected by neonatal care facilities in primary health centres.

Results: A high spatial autocorrelation of district infant mortality rates was observed, and ecological factors were found to have a significant impact on district infant mortality rates. The result also revealed that non-working population and income inequality were found to have a negative effect on the district infant mortality rate. Additionally, female literacy and new-born care facilities were found to have an inverse association with the infant mortality rate.

Conclusions: Interventions at the community level can reduce district infant mortality rates.

Keywords: Ecological; India; Infant mortality; Spatial analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare for this study.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Range and quartile for infant mortality rate (IMR) for high- focus status of India (2010-2011).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
(A) Quintile map for infant mortality rate (IMR) for 2010-2011. (B) Moran’s I scatter plot for IMR for 2010-2011.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Plot of observed against the fitted infant mortality rate (IMR) (2010-2011).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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