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. 2016 Feb 29:10:34.
doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00034. eCollection 2016.

Group Intensive Cognitive Activation in Patients with Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

Simonetta Panerai  1 , Domenica Tasca  1 , Sabrina Musso  1 , Valentina Catania  1 , Federica Ruggeri  1 , Alberto Raggi  2 , Stefano Muratore  1 , Giuseppina Prestianni  1 , Cinzia Bonforte  1 , Raffaele Ferri  3
Affiliations

Group Intensive Cognitive Activation in Patients with Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

Simonetta Panerai et al. Front Behav Neurosci. .

Abstract

Background: No standard protocols are available for cognitive rehabilitation (CR) in conditions like Major or Mild Neurocognitive disorder (M-NCD or m-NCD, respectively); however, preliminary data seem to indicate that such interventions might have cost-effective beneficial effects and are free from side effect or adverse events. Three basic approaches are known: cognitive stimulation (CS), cognitive training (CT), and CR.

Objective: Aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a protocol of group intensive cognitive activation (g-ICA) in patients with both M-NCD and m-NCD; the protocol was specifically arranged in our Research Institute, based on the principles of the central role of the patient and the mediation pedagogy.

Subjects and methods: Sixteen patients with M-NCD and fifteen patients with m-NCD were enrolled, as well as eleven patients with M-NCD who were used as a control group (CG). The intervention was carried-out by a clinical neuropsychologist with daily group sessions over a period of 2 months. Neuropsychological assessment was performed at baseline and after the completion of the rehabilitative intervention.

Results: General cognitive functioning, attention, ideomotor praxis and visual memory scores were found to be significantly increased in all patients. Beneficial and significant effects were also found for constructive praxis in M-NCD and for executive functioning in m-NCD. All areas of the language function were significantly ameliorated in m-NCD, while this happened only for verbal repetition and syntax-grammar comprehension in M-NCD. No changes were detected for long- and short-term verbal memory, which were found to be worsened in controls without activation.

Conclusion: Our findings seem to indicate that g-ICA might be effective in inducing beneficial changes on the general cognitive functioning and other specific functions in patients with both m-NCD and M-NCD. Moreover, the specific protocol proposed, even if susceptible of important improvement, is easy to carry out within hospital facilities and cost-effective.

Keywords: cognitive stimulation; cognitive training; dementia; mild cognitive impairment; patient-focused cognitive intervention.

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