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Review
. 2016 Mar 11;4(1):6.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines4010006.

Hepatitis Vaccines

Sina Ogholikhan  1 , Kathleen B Schwarz  2
Affiliations
Review

Hepatitis Vaccines

Sina Ogholikhan et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

Viral hepatitis is a serious health problem all over the world. However, the reduction of the morbidity and mortality due to vaccinations against hepatitis A and hepatitis B has been a major component in the overall reduction in vaccine preventable diseases. We will discuss the epidemiology, vaccine development, and post-vaccination effects of the hepatitis A and B virus. In addition, we discuss attempts to provide hepatitis D vaccine for the 350 million individuals infected with hepatitis B globally. Given the lack of a hepatitis C vaccine, the many challenges facing the production of a hepatitis C vaccine will be shown, along with current and former vaccination trials. As there is no current FDA-approved hepatitis E vaccine, we will present vaccination data that is available in the rest of the world. Finally, we will discuss the existing challenges and questions facing future endeavors for each of the hepatitis viruses, with efforts continuing to focus on dramatically reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with these serious infections of the liver.

Keywords: hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E; vaccines.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Global prevalence of the hepatitis A virus. Used by permission of the publisher.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Global prevalence of HBV [24]. Figure is used with permission from the publisher.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Reported acute hepatitis B incidence, United States, 1980-2013 [1]. Figure is used with permission from the publisher.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Global prevalence of hepatitis C virus [65]. This image was used with permission of the publisher.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Global prevalence of HEV [70]
Figure 6
Figure 6
Hepatitis E viral genome [76]. This image was used with permission from the publisher.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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