La fréquentation d'un service éducatif préscolaire : un facteur de protection pour le développement des enfants de familles à faible revenu?

Abstract

Objectives: Describe the preschool education of children in educational services. Study the effects of components of preschool educational service attendance on the development of kindergarten children, based on income.

Method: A sample of 1,184 children was extracted from a survey frame that included Montreal children assessed in the 2012 Quebec Survey of Child Development in Kindergarten (2012 QSCDK). Data collected from the parents of these children allowed us to document the following components of educational service attendance (independent variables): longitudinal profile of the service used; age at entry; duration; average weekly attendance; and cumulative time. Linking QSCDK data provided a measure of development of children in kindergarten (dependent variable). Various logistic regression models using different combinations of components of educational service attendance were tested. Akaike information criterion enabled us to select the model that best explains the data.

Results: Children from low-income families are proportionately fewer to attend a preschool educational service than children from better-off families (79.6% vs. 90.5%; chi-square test (1 df), p<0.001). Children from low-income families who attended only an early childhood centre (Centres de la petite enfance) are less likely to be vulnerable in two or more domains of development compared to their peers who did not attend educational services (OR 0.23; 95% CI: 0.06–0.92). Children who started attending an educational service before the age of 12 months are less likely to be vulnerable in two or more domains of development (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.18–0.81).

Conclusion: Attending an early childhood centre (Centre de la petite enfance) is beneficial to the development of children from low-income families.

Electronic Supplementary Material: Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.17269/CJPH.106.4825 and is accessible for authorized users.