Short-term outcomes of laparoscopic D2 lymphadenectomy with complete mesogastrium excision for advanced gastric cancer

Abstract

Background: D2 lymphadenectomy has been widely accepted as a standard procedure of surgical treatment for local advanced gastric cancer [1, 2]. However, neither the dissection boundary nor the extent of the excision for perigastric soft tissues has been described [3-7]. Our previous researches demonstrate the existence of disseminated cancer cells in the mesogastrium [8, 9] and present an understandable mesogastrium model for gastrectomy [10]. Hence, the D2 lymphadenectomy plus complete mesogastrium excision (D2 + CME) is firstly proposed in this study, aiming to assess the safety, feasibility and corresponding short-term surgical outcomes.

Methods: All of these patients underwent laparoscopy assisted D2 + CME radical gastrectomy with a curative R0 resection, and all the operations were performed by Prof. Jianping Gong, chief of GI surgery of Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. All participants provided informed written consent to participate in the study. This study was approved by the Tongji Hospital Ethics Committee. The standard surgical procedures in the video are described as follows. Dissect along the gastrocolic ligament and then toward the left colic flexture with special made gauze. Bluntly separate the adipose tissues to find fascia plane. Expose along the plane toward the splenic inferior polar area. Precede to the origins of left gastroepiploic vessels (LGEVs), clip and cut. All the mobilized adipose tissues in this area are defined as left gastroepiploic mesentery (LGEM) [10]. Next, turn to infra-pyloric area. Dissect the fascia plane between right gastroepiploic mesentery (RGEM) and transverse mesocolon. Turn to the pancreas head, remove the covering adipose tissues, identify the superior mesentery vein and expose the origins of right gastroepiploic vessels (RGEVs). Clip and cut. All the surrounding mobilized adipose tissues are defined as RGEM [10]. Move to the superior boarder of pancreas with the stomach reflected cephalad, incise the serosa and bluntly mobilize through the plane with gauze. Turn to the common hepatic artery (CHA), remove the adherent adipose tissue. Expose the root of left gastric vein, clip and cut. Dissect the thick sheath of left gastric artery, expose at the root, trip clip and cut. All mobilized lateral adipose tissues and dorsal parts are defined as left gastric mesentery (LGM) [10]. Toward right, dissect follow the CHA and hepatic portal vein (HPV). Next, move toward the left side of LGM and dissect along the splenic artery until reaching the posterior gastric wall. Move to the anterior area of stomach and divide the lesser omentum. Clean up the adipose tissue and nerves along the lesser curvature up to the gastroesophageal junction. Expose and cut the right gastric vessels (RGVs) where the mobilized adipose tissues are defined as right gastric mesentery (RGM) [10]. Reconstruction of the alimentary tract was done by extracorporeal anastomosis. Standard recovery protocols were followed in postoperative treatments.

Results: Fifty-four patients between September 2014 and March 2015 have been recruited with informed consent and underwent laparoscopic D2 + CME by a single surgeon. The mean number of retrieved regional lymph nodes was 35.04 ± 10.70 (range 14-55). The mean volume of blood loss was 12.44 ± 22.89 ml (range 5-100). The mean laparoscopic surgery time was 127.82 ± 17.63 min (range 110-165). The mean hospitalization time was 11.09 ± 4.28 days (range 8-28). No operative complication was observed during the hospitalization.

Conclusion: The anatomical boundary of mesogastrium is well described and dissected within D2 + CME surgical process. It proves to be safely feasible and repeatable with less blood lost, qualified lymph nodes retrieval results and other improved short-term surgical outcomes in advanced gastric cancer. Meanwhile, potential disseminated cancer cells fall into the mesogastrium can be eradicated by D2 + CME.

Keywords: D2 lymphadenectomy, complete mesogastrium excision; Laparoscopic surgery.