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Review
. 2016 Mar 14:7:313.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00313. eCollection 2016.

Cytosolic Innate Immune Sensing and Signaling upon Infection

Lilliana Radoshevich  1 , Olivier Dussurget  2
Affiliations
Review

Cytosolic Innate Immune Sensing and Signaling upon Infection

Lilliana Radoshevich et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Cytosolic sensing of pathogens is essential to a productive immune response. Recent reports have emphasized the importance of signaling platforms emanating from organelles and cytosolic sensors, particularly during the response to intracellular pathogens. Here, we highlight recent discoveries identifying the key mediators of nucleic acid and cyclic nucleotide sensing and discuss their importance in host defense. This review will also cover strategies evolved by pathogens to manipulate these pathways.

Keywords: DNA; MAVS; RNA; STING; immunity; interferon; pathogen.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Schematic representation of major cytosolic DNA and RNA sensing pathways. Cytosolic DNA is sensed by cGAS leading to the production of cGAMP and subsequent STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling, and type I IFN production; bacterial cyclic dinucleotides (like L. monocytogenes cyclic di-AMP) also activate STING. 5′ triphosphate RNA and double stranded RNA are sensed by RIG-I and either MDA-5 alone or MDA-5/LGP2. This leads to polymerization of mitochondrial MAVS and also activates TBK1 and IRF3.
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