New pattern-based personalized risk stratification system for endocervical adenocarcinoma with important clinical implications and surgical outcome

Abstract

We present a recently introduced three tier pattern-based histopathologic system to stratify endocervical adenocarcinoma (EAC) that better correlates with lymph node (LN) metastases than FIGO staging alone, and has the advantage of safely predicting node-negative disease in a large proportion of EAC patients. The system consists of stratifying EAC into one of three patterns: pattern A tumors characterized by well-demarcated glands frequently forming clusters or groups with relative lobular architecture and lacking destructive stromal invasion or lymphovascular invasion (LVI), pattern B tumors demonstrating localized destructive invasion (small clusters or individual tumor cells within desmoplastic stroma often arising from pattern A glands), and pattern C tumors with diffusely infiltrative glands and associated desmoplastic response. Three hundred and fifty-two cases were included; mean follow-up 52.8 months. Seventy-three patients (21%) had pattern A tumors; all were stage I and there were no LN metastases or recurrences. Pattern B was seen in 90 tumors (26%); all were stage I and LVI was seen in 24 cases (26.6%). Nodal disease was found in only 4 (4.4%) pattern B tumors (one IA2, two IB1, one IB not further specified (NOS)), each of which showed LVI. Pattern C was found in 189 cases (54%), 117 had LVI (61.9%) and 17% were stage II or greater. Forty-five (23.8%) patients showed LN metastases (one IA1, 14 IB1, 5 IB2, 5 IB NOS, 11 II, 5 III and 4 IV) and recurrences were recorded in 41 (21.7%) patients. This new risk stratification system identifies a subset of stage I patients with essentially no risk of nodal disease, suggesting that patients with pattern A tumors can be spared lymphadenectomy. Patients with pattern B tumors rarely present with LN metastases, and sentinel LN examination could potentially identify these patients. Surgical treatment with nodal resection is justified in patients with pattern C tumors.

Keywords: Classification system; Endocervical adenocarcinoma; Invasive carcinoma; Lymph node metastasis; Pattern-based; Risk stratification.

Figure 1

Figure 1A: Deeply invasive well differentiated endocervical adenocarcinoma corresponding to pattern A tumor. H&E 40X. B: Low power examination of exophytic and invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma also corresponding to pattern A tumor. Higher examination is recommended to rule out questionable pattern B areas (arrows). H&E 40X. C–E: High power examination of invasive endocervical adenocarcinoma composed of glands with irregular contours (arrows) in a focally desmoplastic stroma arising from pattern A type glands. H&E 200X. F: Pattern C composed of diffuse destructive invasion, irregular and incomplete glands, some with cribriform architecture in a diffuse desmoplastic stroma. H&E40X.