Microalgae as a Source for VLC-PUFA Production
- PMID: 27023247
- DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25979-6_19
Microalgae as a Source for VLC-PUFA Production
Abstract
Microalgae present a huge and still insufficiently tapped resource of very long-chain omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA) for human nutrition and medicinal applications. This chapter describes the diversity of unicellular eukaryotic microalgae in respect to VLC-PUFA biosynthesis. Then, we outline the major biosynthetic pathways mediating the formation of VLC-PUFA by sequential desaturation and elongation of C18-PUFA acyl groups. We address the aspects of spatial localization of those pathways and elaborate on the role for VLC-PUFA in microalgal cells. Recent progress in microalgal genetic transformation and molecular engineering has opened the way to increased production efficiencies for VLC-PUFA. The perspectives of photobiotechnology and metabolic engineering of microalgae for altered or enhanced VLC-PUFA production are also discussed.
Keywords: Biotechnology; Diversity; Lipid metabolism; Microalgae; Omega-3 LC-PUFA; Omega-6 LC-PUFA.
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