Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2016 Oct;22(9):937-943.
doi: 10.1017/S1355617716000199. Epub 2016 Mar 31.

Neuropsychological Criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Risk in the Framingham Heart Study

Amy J Jak  1 , Sarah R Preis  2 , Alexa S Beiser  2 , Sudha Seshadri  2 , Philip A Wolf  2 , Mark W Bondi  1 , Rhoda Au  2
Affiliations

Neuropsychological Criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Risk in the Framingham Heart Study

Amy J Jak et al. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2016 Oct.

Abstract

Objectives: To refine mild cognitive impairment (MCI) diagnostic criteria, we examined progression to dementia using two approaches to identifying MCI.

Methods: A total of 1203 Framingham Heart Study participants were classified at baseline as cognitively normal or MCI (overall and four MCI subtypes) via conventional Petersen/Winblad criteria (single cognitive test impaired per domain, >1.5 SD below expectations) or Jak/Bondi criteria (two tests impaired per domain, >1 SD below norms). Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to examine the association between each MCI definition and incident dementia.

Results: The Petersen/Winblad criteria classified 34% of participants as having MCI while the Jak/Bondi criteria classified 24% as MCI. Over a mean follow-up of 9.7 years, 58 participants (5%) developed incident dementia. Both MCI criteria were associated with incident dementia [Petersen/Winblad: hazards ratio (HR) = 2.64; p-value=.0002; Jak/Bondi: HR=3.30; p-value <.0001]. When both MCI definitions were included in the same model, only the Jak/Bondi definition remained statistically significantly associated with incident dementia (HR=2.47; p-value=.008). Multi-domain amnestic and single domain non-amnestic MCI subtypes were significantly associated with incident dementia for both diagnostic approaches (all p-values <.01).

Conclusions: The Jak/Bondi MCI criteria had a similar association with dementia as the conventional Petersen/Winblad MCI criteria, despite classifying ~30% fewer participants as having MCI. Further exploration of alternative methods to conventional MCI diagnostic criteria is warranted. (JINS, 2016, 22, 937-943).

Keywords: Cognition; Dementia; Diagnosis; Longitudinal; Mild cognitive impairment; Subtype.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Albert M, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Gamst A, Phelps CH. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's and Dementia. 2011;7:270–279. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Anstey KJ, Cherbuin N, Christensen H, Burns R, Reglade-Meslin C, Salim A, Sachdev P. Follow-up of mild cognitive impairment and related disorders over four years in adults in their sixties: The PATH trhough life study. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 2008;26:226–233. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Au R, Seshadri S, Wolf PA, Elias M, Elias P, Sullivan L, D'Agostino RB. New norms for a new generation: Cognitive performance in the framingham offspring cohort. Experimental Aging Research. 2004;30(4):333–358. - PubMed
    1. Bondi MW, Edmonds EC, Jak AJ, Clark LR, Delano-Wood L, McDonald CR, Salmon DP. Neuropsychological criteria for mild cognitive impairment improves diagnostic precision, biomarker associations, and progression rates. Journal of Alzheimers Disease. 2014;42(1):275–289. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bondi MW, Smith GE. Mild cognitive impairment: A concept and diagnostic entity in need of input from neuropsychology. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society. 2014;20(2):129–134. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types