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Review
. 2016 Jun;10(6):643-54.
doi: 10.1586/17476348.2016.1166960. Epub 2016 Mar 31.

Assessment of treatment response in tuberculosis

Neesha Rockwood  1   2 , Elsa du Bruyn  2 , Thomas Morris  1 , Robert J Wilkinson  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

Assessment of treatment response in tuberculosis

Neesha Rockwood et al. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2016 Jun.

Abstract

Antibiotic treatment of tuberculosis has a duration of several months. There is significant variability of the host immune response and the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic properties of Mycobacterium tuberculosis sub-populations at the site of disease. A limitation of sputum-based measures of treatment response may be sub-optimal detection and monitoring of Mycobacterium tuberculosis sub-populations. Potential biomarkers and surrogate endpoints should be benchmarked against hard clinical outcomes (failure/relapse/death) and may need tailoring to specific patient populations. Here, we assess the evidence supporting currently utilized and future potential host and pathogen-based models and biomarkers for monitoring treatment response in active and latent tuberculosis. Biomarkers for monitoring treatment response in extrapulmonary, pediatric and drug resistant tuberculosis are research priorities.

Keywords: Tuberculosis; biomarkers; humans; therapeutics; treatment outcome.

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