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. 2016 Apr-Jun;8(2):97-104.
doi: 10.4103/0974-8490.172659.

Characterization of Anticancer Principles of Celosia argentea (Amaranthaceae)

Rukhsana A Rub  1 , Manohar J Pati  2 , Areej A Siddiqui  1 , Alpana S Moghe  3 , Nasreen N Shaikh  1
Affiliations

Characterization of Anticancer Principles of Celosia argentea (Amaranthaceae)

Rukhsana A Rub et al. Pharmacognosy Res. 2016 Apr-Jun.

Abstract

Background: An Indian origin, Celosia argentea is a weed growing during rainy season traditionally claimed for treating several ailments. Early researches on C. argentea were focused on the anti-cancer screening of seeds, with few reports on aerial parts.

Objective: To isolate and characterize bioactive compounds of aerial parts of C. argentea and evaluate their anticancer potential.

Materials and methods: The methanolic aerial part extract was fractionated on column chromatography using chloroform: methanol mixture. The fractions; 80:20 and 95:5 were purified on MCI-HP20 HPLC column. Chromatographically pure compounds were pooled, concentrated and characterized spectroscopically. The compounds were further screened for anti-oxidant and cytotoxic potential.

Results: Isolated compounds were confirmed as: (1) Luteolin-7-O-glucoside and (2) phenolic, 1-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzofuran-5-yl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. Both exhibited significant antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 20.80 and 21.30 μg/ml for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (***P < 0.001) and significant Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values for 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (*P < 0.05) and ferric reducing antioxidant potential assay (****P < 0.0001). In 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide assay, Compound 1 and 2 showed potent cytotoxicity against SiHa, HCT, MCF-7 cancer cell lines at 20 μg/ml (****P < 0.0001) and 18 μg/ml (**P < 0.01), respectively, without affecting the normal Vero cells. Both compounds enabled maximum reduction in cell viability at 50 μg/ml against HT-29 (***P < 0.001) and MCF-7 cell lines (**P < 0.01) in try pan blue viability assay. Apoptosis occurred at concentrations of 47.33 ± 0.8 μg/ml and 56.28 ± 1.2 μg/ml for Compound 1 and 35.15 ± 0.4 μg/ml and 28.05 ± 0.3 μg/ml for Compound 2 for HT-29 and MCF-7 respectively.

Conclusion: A novel anticancer phenolic compound; (1-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzofuran-5-yl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione), isolated from aerial parts of C. argentea was a valuable finding of the research.

Summary: The present study validated the potential of the plant C. argentea as an antioxidant, and anticancer remedy with two valuable isolations. Although one of them is a known compound: Luteolin 7-0 glycoside, the other isolated phenolic compound;-{1-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzofuran-5-yl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione}, is the first to be reported and thus can be considered as a valuable outcome of this research work.

Keywords: 2; 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylDPPH; 3(4; 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2; 5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromideMTT; Celosia argentea; anti-oxidant; anticancer.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Celosia argentea plant
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chromatogram showing Compound 1 on MCI HP 20 HPLC column
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chromatogram showing Compound 2 on MCI HP 20 HPLC column
Figure 4
Figure 4
Ultra violet Spectrum of compounds
Figure 5
Figure 5
Infrared Spectra of compounds
Figure 6
Figure 6
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of compounds
Figure 7
Figure 7
Mass spectra of compounds
Figure 8
Figure 8
HPTLC profile of compounds along with markers
Figure 9
Figure 9
Percentage inhibition of isolated Compound 1 and 2 for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay
Figure 10
Figure 10
IC50 values of isolated Compounds 1 and 2 for 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl Assay
Figure 11
Figure 11
Concentration response curve of Trolox for 2, 2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) at 734 nm
Figure 12
Figure 12
Percentage inhibition and TEAC values of isolated compounds for 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay
Figure 13
Figure 13
Absorbance, percentage inhibition and TEAC values for isolated compounds by ferric reducing antioxidant potential assay
Figure 14
Figure 14
3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide assay of isolated Compound 1
Figure 15
Figure 15
3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide assay of isolated Compound 2
Figure 16
Figure 16
Effect of Compound 1 and 2 on cell viability of HT-29
Figure 17
Figure 17
Figure 17: Effect of Compound 1 and 2 on cell viability of MCF-7
Figure 18
Figure 18
Cell morphology of apoptotic cells after test drugs treatment
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