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Review
. 2016 Oct;142(10):2061-72.
doi: 10.1007/s00432-016-2149-9. Epub 2016 Apr 4.

Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in musculoskeletal cancer

Myrto Bami  1 , Andreas F Mavrogenis  2 , Andrea Angelini  3 , Mandy Milonaki  1 , Evanthia Mitsiokapa  1 , Dimitrios Stamoulis  1 , Panayotis N Soucacos  4
Affiliations
Review

Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in musculoskeletal cancer

Myrto Bami et al. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2016 Oct.

Abstract

Purpose: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins; they were initially named after their ability to induce ectopic bone formation. Published studies have proved BMPs' role in a variety of biological processes such as embryogenesis and patterning of body axes, and maintaining adult tissue homeostasis. Other studies have focused on BMPs properties, functions and possible involvement in skeletal diseases, including cancer.

Methods: A literature search mainly paying attention to the role of BMPs in musculoskeletal tumors was performed in electronic databases.

Results: This article discusses BMPs synthesis and signaling, and summarizes their prominent roles in the skeletal system for the differentiation of osteoblasts, osteocytes and chondrocytes.

Conclusions: The review emphasizes on the role of BMP signaling in the initiation and progression of musculoskeletal cancer.

Keywords: Bone morphogenetic proteins; Bone tumors; Cancer; Musculoskeletal.

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Conflict of interest statement

None of the authors had any financial or personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Myrto Bami, Andrea Angelini, Mandy Milonaki, Evanthia Mitsiokapa, Dimitrios Stamoulis, Andreas F. Mavrogenis, Panayotis N. Soucacos declares that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
BMPs signaling pathway. BMP ligands bind BMP receptors BMPRI and BMPRII. Activation of type I receptor allows the phosphorylation of receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads). R-Smads form heterocomplexes with Smad 4 and enter the nucleus, where they regulate gene expression. BMP signal could be blocked by extracellular (BMP antagonists) and intracellular (I-Smad) signals. Smad-independent pathways (MAPK) could also be activated. Arrowhead indicates activation; Terminal “T” bar for inhibition
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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