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. 2016 Dec;11(1):186.
doi: 10.1186/s11671-016-1416-7. Epub 2016 Apr 12.

Control of physical properties of carbon nanofibers obtained from coaxial electrospinning of PMMA and PAN with adjustable inner/outer nozzle-ends

Navaporn Kaerkitcha  1 , Surawut Chuangchote  2   3 , Takashi Sagawa  4
Affiliations

Control of physical properties of carbon nanofibers obtained from coaxial electrospinning of PMMA and PAN with adjustable inner/outer nozzle-ends

Navaporn Kaerkitcha et al. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2016 Dec.

Abstract

Hollow carbon nanofibers (HCNFs) were prepared by electrospinning method with several coaxial nozzles, in which the level of the inner nozzle-end is adjustable. Core/shell nanofibers were prepared from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a pyrolytic core and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a carbon shell with three types of normal (viz. inner and outer nozzle-ends are balanced in the same level), inward, and outward coaxial nozzles. The influence of the applied voltage on these three types of coaxial nozzles was studied. Specific surface area, pore size diameter, crystallinity, and degree of graphitization of the hollow and mesoporous structures of carbon nanofibers obtained after carbonization of the as spun PMMA/PAN nanofibers were characterized by BET analyses, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy in addition to the conductivity measurements. It was found that specific surface area, crystallinity, and graphitization degree of the HCNFs affect the electrical conductivity of the carbon nanofibers.

Keywords: Adjustable nozzle-end; Coaxial electrospinning; Core/shell nanofibers.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic diagrams of the nozzle-ends. a normal coaxial nozzle (viz. inner and outer nozzle-ends are balanced in the same level), b inward coaxial nozzle, and c outward coaxial nozzle
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
SEM images of the as spun PAN nanofibers from single nozzle electrospinning. a at low magnification and b at high magnification
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
TEM images of the as spun PMMA/PAN nanofibers. a normal coaxial nozzle, b inward coaxial nozzle, and c outward coaxial nozzle
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
SEM images of the carbon nanofibers after carbonization. a CNFs from single nozzle and b HCNFs from normal coaxial electrospinning
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
TEM images of the carbon nanofibers after carbonization. a CNFs from single nozzle and HCNFs from b normal coaxial nozzle, c inward coaxial nozzle, and d outward coaxial nozzle
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
N2 adsorption isotherms of the HCNFs and the CNFs at −196 °C
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
XRD patterns of the HCNFs. a inward coaxial nozzle, b normal coaxial nozzle, c outward coaxial nozzle, and d the CNFs from single nozzle
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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