Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2016 Mar 15;5(3):e002739.
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.115.002739.

Incidence and In-Hospital Mortality of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Dialysis-Requiring AKI (AKI-D) After Cardiac Catheterization in the National Inpatient Sample

Jeremiah R Brown  1 , Michael E Rezaee  2 , Elizabeth L Nichols  3 , Emily J Marshall  3 , Edward D Siew  4 , Michael E Matheny  5
Affiliations

Incidence and In-Hospital Mortality of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Dialysis-Requiring AKI (AKI-D) After Cardiac Catheterization in the National Inpatient Sample

Jeremiah R Brown et al. J Am Heart Assoc. .

Abstract

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and dialysis-requiring AKI (AKI-D) are common, serious complications of cardiac procedures.

Methods and results: We evaluated 3 633 762 (17 765 214 weighted population) cardiac catheterization or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) hospital discharges from the nationally representative National Inpatient Sample to determine annual population incidence rates for AKI and AKI-D in the United States from 2001 to 2011. Odds ratios for both conditions and associated in-hospital mortality were calculated for each year in the study period using multiple logistic regression. The number of cardiac catheterization or PCI cases resulting in AKI rose almost 3-fold from 2001 to 2011. The adjusted odds of AKI and AKI-D per year among cardiac catheterization and PCI patients were 1.11 (95% CI: 1.10-1.12) and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.99-1.02), respectively. Most importantly, in-hospital mortality significantly decreased from 2001 to 2011 for AKI (19.6-9.2%) and AKI-D (28.3-19.9%), whereas odds of associated in-hospital mortality were 0.50 (95% CI: 0.45-0.56) and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.55-0.93) in 2011 versus 2001, respectively. The population-attributable risk of mortality for AKI and AKI-D was 25.8% and 3.8% in 2001 and 41.1% and 6.5% in 2011, respectively. Males and females had similar patterns of AKI increase, although males outpaced females.

Conclusions: The Incidence of AKI among cardiac catheterization and PCI patients has increased sharply in the United States, and this should be addressed by implementing prevention strategies. However, mortality has significantly declined, suggesting that efforts to manage AKI and AKI-D after cardiac catheterization and PCI have reduced mortality.

Keywords: acute kidney injury; acute renal failure; glomerular filtration rate; renal failure.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
AKI incidence: population incidence of acute kidney injury among cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention patients in the United States from 2001 to 2011. AKI indicates acute kidney injury.
Figure 2
Figure 2
AKI‐D incidence: population incidence of dialysis‐requiring acute kidney injury among cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention patients in the United States from 2001 to 2011. AKI‐D indicates dialysis‐requiring acute kidney injury.
Figure 3
Figure 3
AKI and AKI‐D incidence by sex: population incidence of acute kidney injury and dialysis‐requiring acute kidney injury among cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention patients by sex in the United States from 2001 to 2011. AKI indicates acute kidney injury; AKI‐D, dialysis‐requiring acute kidney injury.
Figure 4
Figure 4
AKI incidence by age: population incidence of acute kidney injury among cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention patients by age group in the United States from 2001 to 2011. AKI indicates acute kidney injury.
Figure 5
Figure 5
AKI‐D incidence by age: population incidence of dialysis‐requiring acute kidney injury among cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention patients by age group in the United States from 2001 to 2011. AKI‐D indicates dialysis‐requiring acute kidney injury.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Median length of stay: the median length of stay remains relatively static from 2001 to 2011.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Borden WB, Bravata DM, Dai S, Ford ES, Fox CS, Franco S, Fullerton HJ, Gillespie C, Hailpern SM, Heit JA, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Kissela BM, Kittner SJ, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Magid D, Marcus GM, Marelli A, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER, Moy CS, Mussolino ME, Nichol G, Paynter NP, Schreiner PJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Turan TN, Virani SS, Wong ND, Woo D, Turner MB. Heart disease and stroke statistics–2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013;127:e6–e245. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hassan A, Newman A, Ko DT, Rinfret S, Hirsch G, Ghali WA, Tu JV. Increasing rates of angioplasty versus bypass surgery in Canada, 1994–2005. Am Heart J. 2010;160:958–965. - PubMed
    1. Epstein AJ, Polsky D, Yang F, Yang L, Groeneveld PW. Coronary revascularization trends in the United States, 2001–2008. JAMA. 2011;305:1769–1776. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Serruys PW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, Colombo A, Holmes DR, Mack MJ, Stahle E, Feldman TE, van den Brand M, Bass EJ, Van Dyck N, Leadley K, Dawkins KD, Mohr FW. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary‐artery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:961–972. - PubMed
    1. Farkouh ME, Domanski M, Sleeper LA, Siami FS, Dangas G, Mack M, Yang M, Cohen DJ, Rosenberg Y, Solomon SD, Desai AS, Gersh BJ, Magnuson EA, Lansky A, Boineau R, Weinberger J, Ramanathan K, Sousa JE, Rankin J, Bhargava B, Buse J, Hueb W, Smith CR, Muratov V, Bansilal S, King S III, Bertrand M, Fuster V. Strategies for multivessel revascularization in patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:2375–2384. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms