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. 2016 Jan 27;5(1):79-85.
doi: 10.5455/jice.20160124113632. eCollection 2016 Jan-Feb.

Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Adansonia digitata L. fruit pulp extract, characterization, and its antimicrobial properties

Chennareddy Maruthi Kesava Kumar  1 , Pulicherla Yugandhar  1 , Nataru Savithramma  1
Affiliations

Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Adansonia digitata L. fruit pulp extract, characterization, and its antimicrobial properties

Chennareddy Maruthi Kesava Kumar et al. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. .

Abstract

Aim: In the present study, we report a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and an efficient alternative method for large scale production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Adansonia digitata fruit pulp extract. The study mainly focused on the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial properties of AgNPs.

Materials and methods: Synthesis of AgNPs with the help of standard protocol and characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDAX, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and explore their potential growth inhibitory effect on 07 bacterial and 05 fungal pathogens.

Results: The synthesized AgNPs are characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry shows a broad peak at 434 nm. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis clearly reveals phenols and proteins are main responsible for reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles. XRD studies show the nanoparticles are crystalline in nature owing 44 nm in size. EDAX spectrum shows a 33.28 weight percentage of Ag metal in the reaction medium confirms the purity of AgNPs. High resolution and magnification studies with AFM, SEM, and TEM reveal the nanoparticles are polydispersed, spherical in shape, having the size range from 3 to 57 nm without any agglomeration between the particles. Further, the antimicrobial studies reveal the potentiality of nanoparticles against different microbial pathogens.

Conclusion: The present study is mainly focused on the synthesis of AgNPs from A. digitata fruit pulp extract. Here, we succeed to synthesize a narrow range of particles and validate its potential antimicrobial activity on different microorganisms. Based on this, we conclude that A. digitata pulp extract is a good source toward the reduction of AgNPs and acts as environment benign antimicrobial agents.

Keywords: Adansonia digitata; antimicrobial activity; characterization; fruit pulp; silver nanoparticles.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Ultraviolet-vis spectrum of synthesized silver nanoparticles shows broad peak at 434, 280, and 247 nm of narrow peaks is due interference of phytoconstituents in the medium. Inset figure shows color change pattern from cream to light yellow
Figure 2
Figure 2
Fourier transform infra-red spectrum of synthesized silver nanoparticles shows broad peaks at 3322 cm−1 and 1636 cm−1
Figure 3
Figure 3
X-ray diffractometer pattern of synthesized silver nanoparticles shows four intensive peaks
Figure 4
Figure 4
Atomic force microscopy micrograph of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), (a) 2 µm resolution studies 25-57 nm size, spherical shaped, polydispersed particles, (b) three-dimensional image of AgNPs analyzed by NOVA-TX software
Figure 5
Figure 5
Scanning electron microscopy micrograph of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (a) 500 nm resolution studies shows 18-32 nm size, spherical shaped particles, (b) EDAX spectrum of synthesized AgNPs shows 33.28 weight percent of Ag metal in the sample
Figure 6
Figure 6
Transmission electron microscopy micrograph of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), (a) selected area electron diffraction pattern shows characteristic crystal spots of elemental silver, (b) 20 nm resolution studies of AgNPs shows 3-7 nm size, spherical shaped nanoparticles
Figure 7
Figure 7
Antimicrobial studies of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Adansonia digitata pulp extract, (a) Bacillus subtilis, (b) Staphylococcus aureus, (c) Escherichia coli, (d) Klebsiella pneumoniae, (e) Proteus vulgaris, (f) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (g) Salmonella typhimurium, (h) Alternaria solani, (i) Aspergillus flavus, (j) Aspergillus niger, (k) Penicillium chrysogenum, (l) Trichoderma harzianum, (1) Plant extract, (2) AgNO3, (3) AgNPs, (4) streptomycin/fluconazole
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References

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