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. 2016 Nov;30(6):873-879.
doi: 10.1002/jcla.21950. Epub 2016 Apr 13.

Multivariate Analyses of Urinary Calculi Composition: A 13-Year Single-Center Study

Xiong Yang  1 , Changwen Zhang  1 , Shiyong Qi  1 , Zhihong Zhang  1 , Qiduo Shi  1 , Chunyu Liu  1 , Kuo Yang  1 , E Du  1 , Na Li  1 , Jian Shi  1 , Yong Xu  2
Affiliations

Multivariate Analyses of Urinary Calculi Composition: A 13-Year Single-Center Study

Xiong Yang et al. J Clin Lab Anal. 2016 Nov.

Abstract

Background: The incidence and prevalence of urinary stone are increasing throughout the world. Compared to the past, recent demographics of patient with urolithiasis compositions are strikingly different. Furthermore, recent clinical studies implied that seasonal cyclicity might influence the distribution of stone composition.

Methods: We sought to determine the trends in pathogenesis of urolithiasis based on urinary stone analyses. Between 2002 and 2014, a total of 2,383 eligible urinary stone samples from different patients were collected in our center. Infrared spectroscopy was used for urinary calculi analysis. A logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between urinary calculi composition and calendar month (season), gender, and age in north China during the past 13 years.

Results: Calcium-containing calculi were the most frequent with an overall incidence of 84.1%. Calcium phosphate (CaP) or magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) stones were more frequent in females, while monohydrate calcium oxalate (COM), dihydrate calcium oxalate (COD), or uric acid (UA) stones were more common in males. Older individuals were associated with an increased risk of UA stones and a decreased risk of COD, CaP, or cystine stones. Additionally, from 2002 to 2014, the frequency of COD and MAP stone increased, whereas the trend of CaP, UA and cystine stones decreased. However, calendar month (season) was not significantly associated with differences in composition.

Conclusion: This study provides the present distribution of urolithiasis compositions in China. From 2002 to 2014, age and gender were significantly associated with stone composition, whereas calendar month was not.

Keywords: China; age groups; seasons; sex; urolithiasis.

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Conflict of interest statement

All the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Overall distribution and the variations by gender of stone composition. ‡ P < 0.001; † P < 0.05.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Association of age distribution with stone composition.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Association of calendar year with stone composition.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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