Optimization extraction conditions for improving phenolic content and antioxidant activity in Berberis asiatica fruits using response surface methodology (RSM)

Abstract

This study for the first time designed to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant potential of Berberis asiatica fruits using response surface methodology (RSM). Solvent selection was done based on the preliminary experiments and a five-factors-three-level, Central Composite Design (CCD). Extraction temperature (X1), sample to solvent ratio (X3) and solvent concentration (X5) significantly affect response variables. The quadratic model well fitted for all the responses. Under optimal extraction conditions, the dried fruit sample mixed with 80% methanol having 3.0 pH in a ratio of 1:50 and the mixture was heated at 80 °C for 30 min; the measured parameters was found in accordance with the predicted values. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis at optimized condition reveals 6 phenolic compounds. The results suggest that optimization of the extraction conditions is critical for accurate quantification of phenolics and antioxidants in Berberis asiatica fruits, which may further be utilized for industrial extraction procedure.

Keywords: 3-Hydroxybenzoic acid (PubChem CID: 7420); Antioxidants; Ascorbic acid (PubChem CID: 54670067); Caffeic acid (PubChem CID: 689043); Catechin (PubChem CID: 9064); Chlorogenic acid (PubChem CID: 1794427); Extraction optimization; Gallic acid (PubChem CID: 370); Himalaya; Methanol (PubChem CID: 887); Polyphenols; RSM; Rutin (PubChem CID: 5280805); Vanillic acid (PubChem CID: 8468); p-Coumaric acid (PubChem CID: 637542).