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Review
. 2016 Apr 19;7(2):e02227-15.
doi: 10.1128/mBio.02227-15.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Agriculture

Sophie Thanner  1 , David Drissner  2 , Fiona Walsh  3
Affiliations
Review

Antimicrobial Resistance in Agriculture

Sophie Thanner et al. mBio. .

Abstract

In this article, the current knowledge and knowledge gaps in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock and plants and importance in terms of animal and human health are discussed. Some recommendations are provided for generation of the data required in order to develop risk assessments for AMR within agriculture and for risks through the food chain to animals and humans.

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Figures

FIG 1
FIG 1
Pathway map of AMA and AMR dissemination within agriculture, the environment, and the food processing industry. Movement of AMA or AMR is indicated by overlapping circles and arrows, respectively; different colors define different groups of reservoirs. Stars indicate the hot spots of ARG and ARB with high bacterial densities, nutrient availability, and selective pressure in the digestive tract of livestock and humans, in manure storage facilities, wastewater treatment plants, and in the rhizosphere. Asterisks indicate possible hot spots of ARG and ARB in water, sediments, and biofilms in aquaculture, rivers, lakes, and irrigation systems, as well as in slaughterhouse facilities and on plant surfaces.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. World Health Organization 2014. Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
    1. Müntener C, Overesch G. 2015. Bericht über den Vertrieb von Antibiotika in der Veterinärmedizin und das Antibiotikaresistenzmonitoring bei Nutztieren in der Schweiz. Gesamtbericht 2014. Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft, Confederation; Suisse, Federal: Council, Bern, Switzerland http://www.blv.admin.ch/dokumentation/04506/04518/index.html.
    1. World Health Organization 2012. Guidelines for ATC classification and DDD assignment 2013. WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, Oslo, Norway.
    1. European Medicines Agency 2013. European surveillance of veterinary antimicrobial consumption: sales of veterinary antimicrobial agents in 25 EU/EEA countries in 2011. Report EMA/236501/2013 European Medicines Agency, London, United Kingdom.
    1. World Health Organization 2012. Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine. WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland.

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