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. 2016 Oct;6(10):1062-1068.
doi: 10.1002/alr.21782. Epub 2016 Apr 22.

Non-diluted seawater enhances nasal ciliary beat frequency and wound repair speed compared to diluted seawater and normal saline

Arnaud Bonnomet  1   2 , Emilie Luczka  1 , Christelle Coraux  1 , Ludovic de Gabory  3
Affiliations

Non-diluted seawater enhances nasal ciliary beat frequency and wound repair speed compared to diluted seawater and normal saline

Arnaud Bonnomet et al. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016 Oct.

Abstract

Background: The regulation of mucociliary clearance is a key part of the defense mechanisms developed by the airway epithelium. If a high aggregate quality of evidence shows the clinical effectiveness of nasal irrigation, there is a lack of studies showing the intrinsic role of the different irrigation solutions allowing such results. This study investigated the impact of solutions with different pH and ionic compositions, eg, normal saline, non-diluted seawater and diluted seawater, on nasal mucosa functional parameters.

Methods: For this randomized, controlled, blinded, in vitro study, we used airway epithelial cells obtained from 13 nasal polyps explants to measure ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and epithelial wound repair speed (WRS) in response to 3 isotonic nasal irrigation solutions: (1) normal saline 0.9%; (2) non-diluted seawater (Physiomer®); and (3) 30% diluted seawater (Stérimar). The results were compared to control (cell culture medium).

Results: Non-diluted seawater enhanced the CBF and the WRS when compared to diluted seawater and to normal saline. When compared to the control, it significantly enhanced CBF and slightly, though nonsignificantly, improved the WRS. Interestingly, normal saline markedly reduced the number of epithelial cells and ciliated cells when compared to the control condition.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that the physicochemical features of the nasal wash solution is important because it determines the optimal conditions to enhance CBF and epithelial WRS thus preserving the respiratory mucosa in pathological conditions. Non-diluted seawater obtains the best results on CBF and WRS vs normal saline showing a deleterious effect on epithelial cell function.

Keywords: ciliary beat frequency; nasal mucosa; saline; seawater; wound repair.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
CBF: mean and distribution of the values of CBF for the control (•), Physiomer® (■), Stérimar® (▲), and normal saline 0.9% (▼) conditions. CBF is expressed in hertz (Hz). **p = 0.0039, **p = 0.0059, CBF = ciliary beat frequency; CTRL = control; ns = nonsignificant.
Figure 2
Figure 2
WRS: mean and distribution of the values of WRS for the control (•), Physiomer® (■), Stérimar® (▲), and normal saline 0.9% (▼) conditions. WRS is expressed in μm2 per hour. **p = 0.0024, ***p = 0.0002. CTRL = control; WRS = wound repair speed.
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