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. 2016 Apr 20;8(4):232.
doi: 10.3390/nu8040232.

Beverage Consumption Habits and Association with Total Water and Energy Intakes in the Spanish Population: Findings of the ANIBES Study

Mariela Nissensohn  1   2 , Almudena Sánchez-Villegas  3   4 , Rosa M Ortega  5 , Javier Aranceta-Bartrina  6   7 , Ángel Gil  8   9 , Marcela González-Gross  10   11 , Gregorio Varela-Moreiras  12   13 , Lluis Serra-Majem  14   15
Affiliations

Beverage Consumption Habits and Association with Total Water and Energy Intakes in the Spanish Population: Findings of the ANIBES Study

Mariela Nissensohn et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Background: Inadequate hydration is a public health issue that imposes a significant economic burden. In Spain, data of total water intake (TWI) are scarce. There is a clear need for a national study that quantifies water and beverage intakes and explores associations between the types of beverages and energy intakes.

Methods: The Anthropometry, Intake and Energy Balance Study ANIBES is a national survey of diet and nutrition conducted among a representative sample of 2285 healthy participants aged 9-75 years in Spain. Food and beverage intakes were assessed in a food diary over three days. Day and time of beverage consumption were also recorded.

Results: On average, TWI was 1.7 L (SE 21.2) for men and 1.6 L (SE 18.9) for women. More than 75% of participants had inadequate TWI, according to European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommendations. Mean total energy intake (EI) was 1810 kcal/day (SE 11.1), of which 12% was provided by beverages. Water was the most consumed beverage, followed by milk. The contribution of alcoholic drinks to the EI was near 3%. For caloric soft drinks, a relatively low contribution to the EI was obtained, only 2%. Of eight different types of beverages, the variety score was positively correlated with TWI (r = 0.39) and EI (r = 0.23), suggesting that beverage variety is an indicator of higher consumption of food and drinks.

Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that well-conducted surveys such as the ANIBES study have the potential to yield rich contextual value data that can emphasize the need to undertake appropriate health and nutrition policies to increase the total water intake at the population level promoting a healthy Mediterranean hydration pattern.

Keywords: ANIBES; Spain; beverages; energy intake; total water intake.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Frequency distribution of total water intake (g/day) over three days by gender.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Percentage of beverages consumed over a three-day period by gender.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Daily Water intakes (g/day) from beverage/food categories by age and gender among ANBIES population.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Amount and types of beverages consumed according to day of the week (mean g/day), separated by gender.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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