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. 2016 Feb 17;9(2):e32021.
doi: 10.5812/jjm.32021. eCollection 2016 Feb.

Plasma Levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-17 in HIV-Positive Patients With Oral Candidiasis

Seyyed Amin Ayatollahi Mousavi  1 , Gholamreza Asadikaram  2 , Nouzar Nakhaee  3 , Alireza Izadi  4
Affiliations

Plasma Levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-17 in HIV-Positive Patients With Oral Candidiasis

Seyyed Amin Ayatollahi Mousavi et al. Jundishapur J Microbiol. .

Abstract

Background: Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) by CD4 + Th (T helper)-type cells is the predominant host defense mechanism against Oral Candidiasis (OC) in HIV-infected individuals. Weakened CMI and depletion of CD4 + T cells are the main factor contributing to the output of OC in HIV-positive individuals. The cytokines produced by Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells play a role in mediating an increased susceptibility to OC during HIV infection.

Objectives: The present study investigated plasma concentration of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-17 in HIV-1 patients suffering from OC.

Patients and methods: In total, 98 samples in four groups (HIV-positive and HIV-negative persons with and without OC) were obtained from the oral cavities and cultured on Sabouraud's dextrose agar and CHROMagar. Also blood samples were obtained to assess plasma level of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-17 using ELISA technique.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the plasma concentration of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-17 but not about IL-4. Our findings suggest a significant interaction between fungal infection and HIV on expression of assessed cytokines.

Conclusions: Fungal infection and HIV alone and together could seriously alter immune system function as assessed by measuring the levels of the plasma cytokines. Therefore, these results provide important new information relative to the putative immune-based factors associated with resistance and/or susceptibility to OC in HIV-positive persons.

Keywords: HIV; IFN-Gamma; IL-17; IL-4; IL-6; Oral Candidiasis.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Plasma Concentrations of IFN-γ in Infected Patients (HIV+) and Controls (HIV-) With (OC+) or Without (OC-) Oral Candidiasis
IFN-γ was significantly increased in HIV+/OC-, HIV-/OC+ and HIV+/OC+ patients compared with controls (P < 0.05). There were no statistical differences between HIV+/OC-, HIV-/OC+ and HIV+/OC+. Data are shown as mean ± SEM of concentration of IFN-γ in each group. * P < 0.05.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Plasma Concentrations of IL-4 in Infected Patients (HIV+) and Controls (HIV-) With (OC+) or Without (OC-) Oral Candidiasis
There was no statistical difference between HIV+/OC-, HIV-/OC+, HIV+/OC+ and HIV-/OC-. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of concentration of IL-4 in each group.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Plasma Concentrations of IL-6 in Infected Patients (HIV+) and Controls (HIV-) With (OC+) or Without (OC-) Oral Candidiasis
IL-6 was significantly decreased in HIV+/OC- patients compared with HIV-/OC+ and HIV-/OC- (controls) (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in HIV+/OC+ compared with HIV-/OC+, HIV+/OC- and HIV-/OC-. Data are shown as mean ± SEM of concentration of IL-6 in each group. * P < 0.05.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. Plasma Concentrations of IL-17 in Infected Patients (HIV+) and Controls (HIV-) With (OC+) or Without (OC-) Oral Candidiasis
IL-17 was ignificantly increased in HIV+/OC-, HIV-/OC+ and HIV+/OC+ patients compared with controls (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between HIV+/OC-, HIV-/OC+ and HIV+/OC+. Values are presented as mean (SEM) of concentration of IL-6 in each group. * P < 0.05.
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