Antihyperlipidemic effects of Citrus sinensis, Citrus paradisi, and their combinations

Abstract

Objective: Hyperlipidemia, extensively contributes in the progression of coronary heart diseases and atherosclerosis, but may be managed through alterations in the nutritional pattern. Several studies show that diet rich in polyphenols and antioxidants have antiatherogenic effects. Citrus sinensis and Citrus paradisi are widely known for health benefits and have found to produce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic effects, hence current research was planned to determine the hypolipidemic effects of C. sinensis and C. paradisi in rats receiving diet rich in cholesterol.

Materials and methods: All rats were divided into 11 groups each comprising 10 animals: Normal control group and hyperlipidemic control. C. sinensis treated three groups, C. paradisi treated three groups, C. sinensis and C. paradisi combination treated two groups, and group treated atorvastatin. All rats in the respective groups were treated orally with sterile water, juices, and standard drug for 8 weeks and lipid profile was estimated at the end of dosing.

Results: Cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were decreased at all the three doses of C. sinensis and C. paradisi but rise in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was only significant at 8 ml/kg, and 0.3 ml/kg, respectively. Animals received the combination doses of C. sinensis and C. paradisi also showed a highly significant fall in cholesterol, LDL, and TGs, however HDL level was significantly elevated by SPJ-2 combination.

Conclusion: Results suggest that C. sinensis and C. paradisi possess antihyperlipidemic activity due to phytochemicals and other essential nutrients, hence may serve as cardioprotective by preventing thrombosis.

Keywords: Grapefruit; hyperlipidemia; hypocholesterolemic; orange.

Figure 1

Hepatic tissue in hyperlipidemia-induced control rats showing hepatocytes surrounded by lipid content

Figure 2

Hepatic tissue in hyperlipidemia-induced rats treated with 0.1 ml/kg of C. paradisi showing minor lipid contents

Figure 3

Hepatic tissues showing no lipid contents in animals that received 0.3 and 0.5 ml/kg of C. paradisi

Figure 4

Hepatic tissues showing no lipid contents in animals that received combination doses of C. paradisi and C. sinensis