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Review
. 2016 May;17(5):333-41.
doi: 10.1631/jzus.B1500247.

Multifunctional protein: cardiac ankyrin repeat protein

Na Zhang  1 , Xiao-Jie Xie  1 , Jian-An Wang  1
Affiliations
Review

Multifunctional protein: cardiac ankyrin repeat protein

Na Zhang et al. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2016 May.

Abstract

Cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP) not only serves as an important component of muscle sarcomere in the cytoplasm, but also acts as a transcription co-factor in the nucleus. Previous studies have demonstrated that CARP is up-regulated in some cardiovascular disorders and muscle diseases; however, its role in these diseases remains controversial now. In this review, we will discuss the continued progress in the research related to CARP, including its discovery, structure, and the role it plays in cardiac development and heart diseases.

Keywords: Cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP); Cardiac development; Cardiovascular disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

Compliance with ethics guidelines: Na ZHANG, Xiao-jie XIE, and Jian-an WANG declare that they have no conflict of interest.

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Structure of the CARP gene (ankrd1) and translated protein (a) Ankrd1 sequence has 9 exons and several canonical response elements in the 5'-untranslated region, including the GATA-box, AT-rich, E-box, and TATA-box. (b) The CARP protein has 319 amino acids (aa) consisting of nuclear localization signals (NLSs) (71‒80 aa, 94‒103 aa), PEST-like regions (108‒126 aa), and four ankyrin-like repeats (152‒283 aa). CARP also contains six CASQ-2-binding sites and two titin-binding sites
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
CARP in sarcomere CARP is bound to the titin-N2A elements in the sarcomeric I-band, interacting with CASQ2 and myopalladin
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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