Recent advances in understanding psoriasis

Abstract

T helper (Th) cells producing interleukin (IL)-17, IL-22, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) form the key T cell population driving psoriasis pathogenesis. They orchestrate the inflammation in the skin that results in the proliferation of keratinocytes and endothelial cells. Besides Th17 cells, other immune cells that are capable of producing IL-17-associated cytokines participate in psoriatic inflammation. Recent advances in psoriasis research improved our understanding of the cellular and molecular players that are involved in Th17 pathology and inflammatory pathways in the skin. The inflammation-driving actions of TNF in psoriasis are already well known and antibodies against TNF are successful in the treatment of Th17-mediated psoriatic skin inflammation. A further key cytokine with potent IL-17-/IL-22-promoting properties is IL-23. Therapeutics directly neutralizing IL-23 or IL-17 itself are now extending the therapeutic spectrum of antipsoriatic agents and further developments are on the way. The enormous progress in psoriasis research allows us to control this Th17-mediated inflammatory skin disease in many patients.

Keywords: T helper cells; keratinocyte; psoriasis; skin inflammation.

Figure 1.. Immune cells and T helper 17 (Th17)-associated cytokines implicated in psoriasis pathogenesis.

Characteristic markers and cytokines related to the interleukin (IL)-17/IL-23 immune signature of T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and associated immune cells in psoriatic skin inflammation.