Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a very rare T-cell lymphoma that has only recently been found to be associated with breast implants. It has been described in the literature mainly in the form of case reports. This article focuses on the imaging characteristics of this rare disease. We hope to increase awareness of breast imagers and referring physicians to improve early detection rates. Case Report We present the case of a 32-year-old female who presented with several weeks of pain and firmness in her right breast. MRI and ultrasound demonstrated a peri-implant fluid collection. Ultrasound-guided aspiration revealed anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The patient was treated with implant removal alone and has now been in remission for 3 years. Conclusion Anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the breast is a very rare entity that has mainly been described in the literature as case reports. As in the case of our patient, imaging findings can be very non-specific, and it is important for surgeons, breast imagers, and oncologists to be aware of this rare disease to ensure prompt diagnosis.

Keywords: Breast; anaplastic large cell lymphoma; mri; peri-implant fluid collection.

Figure 1. Axial MRI T2 weighted image of the bilateral breasts

A T2 hyperintense collection (red arrows) surrounds the implant in the right breast. The implant capsule (blue arrow) is intact.

Figure 2. Gray scale ultrasound image of the right breast

A simple fluid collection (red arrow) is seen superficial to the underlying implant.