Performance of diagnostic tests in an intensive follow-up protocol for patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IIB, IIC, and III localized primary melanoma: A prospective cohort study

Abstract

Background: There is no international consensus on optimal follow-up schedules and which supplementary tests should be used after resection of a primary melanoma.

Objective: We sought to analyze the performance of the follow-up components and identify procedures that detect melanoma metastasis earlier.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort from 290 consecutive patients given a diagnosis of stage IIB, IIC, and III melanoma. Patients were followed up with an intensive protocol based on imaging studies (computed tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, and brain magnetic resonance imaging), periodic laboratory tests, regular physical examinations, and patient self-examinations.

Results: A total of 2382 clinical examinations and 3069 imaging tests were performed. The patients completed 899.8 person-years of follow-up, with a median of 2.5 years. In all, 115 recurrences in 290 patients were recorded, of which computed tomography detected 48.3%; brain magnetic resonance imaging, 7.6%; laboratory test, 2.5%; physician, 23.7%; and patient, 17.8%.

Limitations: Patients with stage III melanoma were not systematically classified into subgroups and overall survival was not evaluated.

Conclusion: We observed that this intensive monitoring is appropriate for early detection of recurrence in stage IIB, IIC, and III melanoma. Prompt diagnosis of metastasis and the recent development of new therapeutic targets may improve overall survival.

Keywords: S100B; computed tomography scan; follow-up; magnetic resonance imaging; melanoma; melanoma-inhibitory activity; recurrences; ultrasonography.