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Observational Study
. 2016 May;14(3):200-7.
doi: 10.1370/afm.1924.

What Happens After Health Coaching? Observational Study 1 Year Following a Randomized Controlled Trial

Anjana E Sharma  1 , Rachel Willard-Grace  2 , Danielle Hessler  2 , Thomas Bodenheimer  2 , David H Thom  2
Affiliations
Observational Study

What Happens After Health Coaching? Observational Study 1 Year Following a Randomized Controlled Trial

Anjana E Sharma et al. Ann Fam Med. 2016 May.

Abstract

Purpose: Health coaching is effective for chronic disease self-management in the primary care safety-net setting, but little is known about the persistence of its benefits. We conducted an observational study evaluating the maintenance of improved cardiovascular risk factors following a health coaching intervention.

Methods: We performed a naturalistic follow-up to the Health Coaching in Primary Care Study, a 12-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing health coaching to usual care for patients with uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia. Participants were followed up 24 months from RCT baseline. The primary outcome was the proportion at goal for at least 1 measure (hemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure, or LDL cholesterol) that had been above goal at enrollment; secondary outcomes included each individual clinical goal. Chi-square tests and paired t-tests compared dichotomous and continuous measures.

Results: 290 of 441 participants (65.8%) participated at both 12 and 24 months. The proportion of patients in the coaching arm of the RCT who achieved the primary outcome dropped only slightly from 47.1% at 12 to 45.9% at 24 months (P = .80). The proportion at goal for hemoglobin A1c dropped from 53.4% to 36.2% (P = .03). All other clinical metrics had small, nonsignificant changes between 12 and 24 months.

Conclusions: Results support the conclusion that most improved clinical outcomes persisted 1 year after the completion of the health coaching intervention.

Keywords: chronic care; disease prevention; health behavior change; health promotion; minority health; patient self-care support; patient-centered care; practice-based research; primary care; special population; underserved patients.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
CONSORT Diagram of study participants.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Outcome measures at baseline, 12, and 24 months for patients in the health coaching arm of the 12-month randomized controlled trial. HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SBP = systolic blood pressure
Figure 2
Figure 2
Outcome measures at baseline, 12, and 24 months for patients in the health coaching arm of the 12-month randomized controlled trial. HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SBP = systolic blood pressure
Figure 2
Figure 2
Outcome measures at baseline, 12, and 24 months for patients in the health coaching arm of the 12-month randomized controlled trial. HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SBP = systolic blood pressure
Figure 2
Figure 2
Outcome measures at baseline, 12, and 24 months for patients in the health coaching arm of the 12-month randomized controlled trial. HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SBP = systolic blood pressure
Figure 2
Figure 2
Outcome measures at baseline, 12, and 24 months for patients in the health coaching arm of the 12-month randomized controlled trial. HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SBP = systolic blood pressure
Figure 2
Figure 2
Outcome measures at baseline, 12, and 24 months for patients in the health coaching arm of the 12-month randomized controlled trial. HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SBP = systolic blood pressure
Figure 2
Figure 2
Outcome measures at baseline, 12, and 24 months for patients in the health coaching arm of the 12-month randomized controlled trial. HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SBP = systolic blood pressure
Figure 2
Figure 2
Outcome measures at baseline, 12, and 24 months for patients in the health coaching arm of the 12-month randomized controlled trial. HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; SBP = systolic blood pressure
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