Analysis of the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention administered via conference call for preventing depression among non-professional caregivers: a pilot study

Abstract

Objectives: The primary aim was to assess the feasibility/acceptability of a preventive cognitive-behavioral intervention implemented via conference call for caregivers. The secondary aim was to conduct a preliminary assessment of the efficacy of the behavioral activation component alone compared to the complete cognitive-behavioral intervention.

Method: Sixty-one caregivers (mean age 58.4 years) were randomly assigned to a cognitive-behavioral intervention via conference call (CBC, n = 20), a behavioral activation intervention via conference call (BAC, n = 22) or a control group receiving usual care (CG, n = 19). Both interventions consisted of five 90-minute group sessions implemented weekly.

Results: Only 6.6% of caregivers discontinued the study. In the CBC and BAC groups, attendance and satisfaction with the intervention were similarly high among both groups. Homework adherence was also high in both groups. At post-treatment, there was a lower incidence of depression in the CBC and BAC groups compared to the CG (0.0% for BAC and CBC vs. 10.5% for CG). The relative risk was 0.0, and number needed to treat was 10 in both groups. Depressive symptoms were significantly reduced in the CBC and BAC groups compared to the CG (d = 2.18 and d = 2.06).

Conclusion: The results support the feasibility of the intervention. Moreover, the BAC intervention was non-inferior to the CBC intervention for reducing depressive symptoms.

Keywords: Non-professional caregivers; depression; indicated prevention; pilot study; telephone.