Adjuvant gemcitabine monotherapy for resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma with lymph node involvement: a propensity score matching analysis

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of adjuvant gemcitabine monotherapy following resection for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma with lymph node involvement.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 180 patients undergoing resection for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma with lymph node involvement between 2001 and 2012. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence (n = 67) or absence (n = 113) of adjuvant gemcitabine monotherapy. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed followed by a propensity score matching analysis to adjust for the differences in the baseline characteristics of the groups.

Results: The overall survival rates after surgery and the median survival times in patients who were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy were significantly longer than those who were treated without adjuvant chemotherapy (32.9 vs. 15.0 % at 5 years, 37 vs. 20 months, P = 0.001). A multivariate analysis indicated that adjuvant chemotherapy, a residual microscopic tumor, and pathological T stage were independent prognostic factors for survival. After two new cohorts of 32 patients were generated following 1:1 propensity score matching, the overall survival rate in the adjuvant chemotherapy group was found to be significantly longer than that in the surgery alone group (43.2 vs. 15.6 % at 5 years, P = 0.001).

Conclusion: Adjuvant gemcitabine monotherapy may improve survival in node-positive perihilar cholangiocarcinoma patients.

Keywords: Adjuvant therapy; Gemcitabine hydrochloride; Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.