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Review
. 2016 Apr;3(3-4):242-52.
doi: 10.1159/000443769. Epub 2016 Mar 12.

Hyperuricemia, Cardiovascular Disease, and Hypertension

Masanari Kuwabara  1
Affiliations
Review

Hyperuricemia, Cardiovascular Disease, and Hypertension

Masanari Kuwabara. Pulse (Basel). 2016 Apr.

Abstract

In recent years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of hyperuricemia, and the latter has attracted attention as an adult lifestyle-associated disease, together with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Although hyperuricemia is known to be an independent risk factor for hypertension, whether it is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease remains controversial. Recently, some small-scale interventional studies on antihyperuricemic medications showed that the latter improved angina symptoms and prevented cardiovascular disease. Here, we will mainly explain the cause of hyperuricemia and the associations between hyperuricemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease based on the latest published evidence.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Hypertension; Risk factor; Uric acid; Uric acid transporter.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The number of PubMed articles that were published in the last two decades. PubMed was searched for the term ‘hyperuricemia’ or ‘uric acid’ or ‘urate’ or ‘gout’.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The number of subjects enrolled for each serum uric acid level. The average serum uric acid levels were 4.35 ± 0.92 and 6.19 ± 1.21 mg/dl in female and male patients, respectively, and 5.22 ± 1.41 mg/dl in all patients.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The relationship between the prevalence of hypertension and serum uric acid levels in the study subjects. Subjects with serum uric acid levels >5 mg/dl had a higher prevalence of systolic and diastolic hypertension compared to those with levels <5 mg/dl. Subjects with 2-3 mg/dl of serum uric acid were considered optimal due to the associated lowest prevalence of hypertension. Subjects with >10 mg/dl of serum uric acid had more than 10 times higher prevalence of hypertension compared to those with 2-3 mg/dl of serum uric acid.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The relationship between the prevalence of hypertension and serum uric acid levels in the male study subjects.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The relationship between the prevalence of hypertension and serum uric acid levels in the female study subjects. Thirteen female subjects had serum uric acid levels >9 mg/dl, and the group with serum uric acid levels >8 mg/dl included these 13 subjects.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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