New Perspectives on Criteria for the Determination of HCG Trigger Timing in GnRH Antagonist Cycles

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate 2 quantification criteria to evaluate the developmental condition of follicles cohort and clarify their impacts upon the determining of human chorionic gonadotropin trigger timing and the reproductive outcome: the proportion of mature follicles in growing follicles cohort on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin trigger and the peak estradiol level per oocyte on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration.Of the patients who underwent in vitro fertilization/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer from 2011 to 2013, 492 controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycles using gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists reaching the ovum pick-up and fresh embryo-transfer stage were included. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their ≥17 mm/≥10 mm follicles ratio on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration (Low proportion: ≤30%, Middle proportion: 30%-60%, High proportion: ≥60%). Patients were divided into 5 groups according to their peak estradiol level/oocyte (Group A: <100 pg/mL per oocyte, Group B: 100-199 pg/mL per oocyte, Group C: 200-299 pg/mL per oocyte, Group D: 300-399 pg/mL per oocyte, Group E ≥400 pg/mL per oocyte) as well. Comparison among groups was made regarding ovarian stimulation characteristics, fertilization rate, good quality embryo rate, implantation, pregnancy, and live birth rates.On the basis of ≥17 mm/≥10 mm follicles ratio, the number of oocyte retrieved in low proportion group is more than other 2 groups. Implantation rate, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rate in high proportion group were 25.8%, 42.7%, and 31.1%, respectively, which is highest in 3 groups, and statistical significance existed between high and middle proportion groups. When the division is based on peak estradiol level/oocyte, the number of oocyte retrieved of ≥400 pg/mL per oocyte Group was significantly lowest compared with the other 4 groups. Matured ovum rate, fertilization rate, and good quality embryos rate exhibited an increasing trend as the peak estradiol level/oocyte increased. While pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and live birth rate were found to be lower whenever estradiol/oocyte ratio exceeded 400 pg/mL per oocyte or less than 100 pg/mL per oocyte, and there is statistical difference.Patients with the proportion of mature follicle reaching 60% on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin trigger and peak estradiol/oocyte level within 100∼399 pg/mL range can get a better pregnancy and implantation rate.

FIGURE 1

Pregnancy outcomes of GnRH antagonist cycles in different ≥17 mm/≥10 mm follicles ratio groups^{, ∗,#}P < 0.05. Values with the same superscript with respect to pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and live birth rate, respectively, are significantly different. The clinical pregnancy rate Middle proportion group: 27.0% vs. High proportion group: 42.7%, P = 0.004; The implantation rate Low proportion group: 17.1% vs. High proportion group: 25.8%, P = 0.011; Middle proportion group: 17.0% vs. High proportion group: 25.8%, P = 0.007; The live birth rate Middle proportion group: 19.1% vs. high proportion group: 31.1%, P = 0.016.

FIGURE 2

Pregnancy outcomes of GnRH antagonist cycles in different peak E2 level/oocyte groups, ^{∗, #, &}P < 0.05. Values with the same superscript with respect to pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and live birth rate, respectively, are significantly different. The clinical pregnancy rate 100 to 199 pg/mL per oocyte Group: 38.6% vs. ≥400 pg/ml per oocyte Group: 14.5%, P = 0.000; 200 to 299 pg/mL per oocyte Group: 34.8% vs. ≥400 pg/mL per oocyte Group: 14.5%, P = 0.001; <100 pg/mL per oocyte Group: 16.7% vs. 100 to 199 pg/mL per oocyte Group: 38.6%, P = 0.002; The live birth rate 100 to 199 pg/mL per oocyte Group: 25.3% vs. ≥400 pg/mL per oocyte Group: 9.2%, P = 0.004; 200 to 299 pg/mL per oocyte Group: 26.1% vs. ≥400 pg/mL per oocyte Group: 9.2%, P = 0.003.